IQQ BULLETIN 173, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 



greatest diameter of the rotor case, which is the lowest part, and pass 

 out through the hollow shaft. The lighter ingredients are displaced 

 toward the axis of rotation and discharge around the opening at the 

 center and top of the rotor case. An outside case, which may be 

 either rotating or stationary, collects the lighter ingredients as dis- 

 charged. 



CENTRIFUGAL OIL CLARIFIER, 1931 



U.S.N.M. no. 310255 ; sectioned original ; gift of tlie De Laval Separator Co. ; not 

 illustrated. 



The clarifier is a steam-driven centrifugal separator prepared for 

 the clarifying of lubricating oil. Similar machines with steam or 

 electric drive modified with the proper bowls and collectors are used 

 to clarify and dehydrate transformer oils, to clarify switch oils and 

 solvents, and to separate liquids of different specific gravities, as 

 cream and milk. 



The separator is a heavy metal bowl mounted upon a vertical bowl 

 spindle, which projects upward into the bowl and supports a series 

 of conical disks and covers and a tubular filling shaft. The weight 

 of the bowl is supported by a steel point at the end of the lower 

 spindle resting upon two treadwheels. On the lower spindle is the 

 steam wheel or rotor of a small, single-stage, impulse turbine, which 

 revolves the bowl. The oil to be clarified is led down through a 

 hollow shaft to the bottom of the bowl, where it flows out to the disks 

 where the separation takes place. Under the influence of the forces 

 set up by the rapid rotation of the bowl the heavier liquid passes up 

 along the outside of the disks and out at the lower outlet of the 

 bottom cover. The lighter liquid passes up along the inside of the 

 disks and out through the upper outlet of the bowl to the middle 

 cover. An upper cover is provided to carry off any possible overflow 

 of liquid. 



Gustav de Laval, whose name is equally honored in the histories of 

 both centrifugal separators and steam turbines, developed the im- 

 pulse turbine to produce a motor capable of turning his centrifugal 

 separator at the required high speed. Wlien, in 1883, he applied a 

 steam turbine to a separator he made the first practical use of the 

 modern steam turbine. 



AIR AND HYDRAULIC ENGINES 



CHANDLER AND SILVER HYDRAULIC ENGINE, 1878 



U.S.N.M. no. 308702; original patent model; transferred from the United States 

 Patent Ofl3ce ; not illustrated. 



This model was submitted with the application for the patent 

 issued to Lucius S. Chandler and Samuel N. Silver, of Auburn, 

 Maine, August 27, 1878, no. 207391. 



