CATALOG OF THE MECHANICAL COLLECTIONS IQJ 



the suction stroke of the engine. When open, the fuel ran down 

 over the surface of the valve to mingle with the stream of air, which 

 was drawn through the valve to the engine. In many of the mixing 

 valves excess fuel drained into a lower tank from which it was 

 pumped to a fuel tank higher than the mixing valve. Dugald Clerk, 

 the Scotch inventor, is credited with having first used the mixing 

 valve in 1881. C. Sintz and A. Winton patented carburetors of this 

 type in the United States in 1896 and 1898. The Haynes-Apperson 

 mixing valve (below) is a good example of a typical one. 



All these earlier forms of carburetors gave way gradually to 

 the spray type of carburetor, in which a spray of fuel is drawn into 

 the air by the flow of the air past a jet connected to the fuel supply. 

 In these, various methods of maintaining the supply of fuel at the 

 jet have been employed. The first was by pumping the fuel in 

 measured quantities through the jet, as shown in the atomizers at- 

 tached to the Errani and Anders and the Hock petroleum engines 

 (above). Another method was that of allowing the fuel to run by 

 gravity to the jet in quantities metered by an adjustable valve. The 

 carburetor of the R. E. Olds automobile of 1896 (below) is an ex- 

 ample of this type. The next step in the development toward the 

 present-day carburetor was that of maintaining under all conditions 

 of operation a constant level of fuel in the reservoir supplying the 

 jet. An early method of accomplishing this was to have the reser- 

 voir provided with an overflow outlet and then supply fuel to the 

 reservoir at a rate slightly faster than it Avould be drawn through 

 the jet, the excess spilling over the overflow and draining to a second 

 fuel tank. This is the method employed in the carburetor used on 

 the Duryea automobile of 1892-93 (below). In the present-day 

 carburetors the level of liquid in the reservoir is maintained con- 

 stant by a float in the reservoir that closes the fuel intake valve 

 when the level of liquid in the reservoir is correct. The "Inspirator" 

 of Edward Butler, England, 1889 (patented in the United States in 

 1890), was the first of this class known as float-feed, constant-level, 

 induced-jet carburetors. This and the Maybach, Germany, 1893, 

 are considered the first of the modern type. Charles E. Duryea was 

 probably the first to use the float-feed carburetor on an automobile 

 for sale in the United States. To correct the tendency of the spray 

 carburetor to form mixtures of increasing richness as the engine 

 speed increases, various means have been adopted. Spring-closed 

 valves that open as the suction increases in the mixing chamber to 

 supply supplementary air to dilute the mixture were first used by 

 Charles E. Duryea in 1901 and by A. Krebs, of France, in 1902. In 

 1906-1908 INI. Baverey, of France, introduced a combination of two 

 jets, one of which tended to produce a leaner mixture at higher 

 speeds, the other a richer mixture giving an average mixture of 



