GREEN" SANDPIPER 21 



our visitors have left by November. During the period of its stay 

 it is rarely to be met with on the seashore, but nearly always makes 

 its way inland by means of the water courses, preferring a sheltered 

 brookside or an inland pool to the open marshes. 



Winter. — The evidence of wintering in South Africa rests entirely 

 on some old records by Layard, unsupported by skins, but the winter 

 quarters undoubtedly extend to Angola, British Central Africa, and 

 Portuguese East Africa. Unlike so many waders it does not associate 

 in large flocks, but generally is found singly or in small parties on 

 inland waters in preference to the coast. Large numbers winter in 

 Egypt and a good many at suitable spots in the Mediterranean 

 Region. In Luzon (Philippine Islands) Whitehead found it common 

 in December in Benguet, at a height of 4,000 feet, and on Rumenzon 

 it has been met with at 6,000 feet, while in Abyssinia, Jesse describes 

 it as common on the highlands, but did not meet with it on the coast. 



DISTRIBUTION 



Breeding range. — Northern Europe; but very sparingly in Nor- 

 way up to Nordland ; in Sweden more generally north to the Arctic 

 Circle; Finland to 63° 10'; North Russia south of the White Sea and 

 on the Kamin Peninsula (66° 50'). Southward it breeds in the 

 Baltic Republics, in North Germany (Holstein?, Oldenburg?, Han- 

 over, Mark Brandenburg, Pommern, West and East Prussia, Silesia) ; 

 sparingly in Bavaria; Czechoslovakia (Bohemia), Galizia and the 

 Carpathians; possibly occasionally in Jutland, but records from 

 South France and North Italy can not be relied on. In Asia it 

 breeds across the continent in the valleys of the Ob, Yenisei, Lena, 

 etc., south to Turkestan and Transcaspia. 



Winter Range. — The main winter quarters lie in southern Europe 

 and Africa where it ranges south to Portuguese East Africa, British 

 Central Africa, and Angola, perhaps even to the Cape (Layard) and 

 in Asia to Iraq, India, Ceylon, the Andamans, Burma, Cochin China, 

 China, Hainan, Formosa, and the Malay Archipelago (Philippines). 



Spring Migration. — In February and March it passes north 

 through Morocco from its African winter quarters, and in Tunisia 

 is most abundant on spring passage in March and April, while its 

 stay in equatorial Africa does not extend beyond March. In the 

 marshes of Iraq it stays till mid May, the spring in North Asia being 

 later than in West Europe. This is also the case in India, where 

 they do not leave till about mid May. In southeast China they 

 pass in the first half of April, usually singly. It has been noted 

 on passage in Corsica in April (late date May 28) ; some winter on 

 the Balearic Isles where it has been noted up to the end of May, 



