TURNSTONE 297 



Point, July 18, Orient, July 28, and Shelter Island, July 29; New 

 Jersey, Cape May, July 16; Virginia, Cobb Island, August 1, and 

 Locustville, August 7; North Carolina, Pea Island, August 11; Ber- 

 muda, Coopers Island, July 27; South Carolina, Mount Pleasant, July 

 15 ; Georgia, Savannah, August 18 ; Florida, Palmo Sola, July 26, St. 

 Marks, July 30, Pensaeola, August 1, and Daytona, August 10; 

 Bahama Islands, Mariguana, August 5; Jamaica, Spanishtown, Au- 

 gust 13 ; Lesser Antilles, Barbados, August 22, and St. Croix, Septem- 

 ber 8; Peru, Payta, September 20; and Chile, Talcahuano, 

 September 9, 



Late dates of fall departure are : Alaska, St. Michael, September 8; 

 British Columbia, Graham Island, September 5; Washington, 

 Simiahmoo, October 3; California, Alameda, October 15; Manitoba, 

 Oak Lake, September 9; Wisconsin, Sheboygan, September 1; On- 

 tario, Point Pelee, September 15, and Toronto, September 16; Michi- 

 gan, Bay City, September 4, and Detroit, September 5 ; Ohio, Huron, 

 October 18, Lakeside, October 21, and New Bremen, October 23; 

 Illinois, Chicago, October 13; Franklin, Harrowby Bay, August 30, 

 Newfoundland, September 5; Nova Scotia, La Have Ridges, Septem- 

 ber 27 ; New Brunswick, Grand Manan, September 4, and Tabusintoc, 

 October 23 ; Quebec, Green Island, October 26 ; Massachusetts, North 

 Truro, October 9, Woods Hole, October 20, and (exceptional) Dennis, 

 November 3; Rhode Island, Point Judith, September 14, and New- 

 port, October 8; New York, Canandaigua, September 16, Brockport, 

 October 6, and Orient, October 7. 



Casual records. — The ruddy turnstone is not now common anywhere 

 in the Mississippi Valley and has been recorded on but few occasions 

 in the lower part of this region and in the States west to the Rocky 

 Mountains. Among these last are, Arkansas, reported at Osceola by 

 Doctor Richardson (Howell) ; Missouri, St. Louis, September 7, 

 1897 ; Kansas, Kansas River, August 16, 1898, and Greenwood County, 

 October 1, 1911 ; Colorado, Denver, April 26, 1890, and May 18, 1900, 

 and Barr, September 9, 1907; and Wyoming, Yellowstone Park, 

 August 30, 1922. 



[Author's note. — The above is the generally accepted theory as 

 to the distribution of the two forms of the turnstone. The author 

 has examined a few specimens from Iceland and East Greenland and 

 a large number from Alaska and various islands in the Pacific 

 Ocean. The Iceland birds are nearer interpres; the East Greenland 

 birds are less typical of inter'pres., with a more decided tendency 

 toward Tnorinella; no West Greenland birds have been examined 

 and perhaps they might be nearer TnorineUa; Alaska and Hawaiian 

 Isjand birds, as well as those from Polynesia, are much nearer 

 TnorineUa. Apparently the range of Tnormella should be extended 



