FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS AND ADJACENT SEAS 45 



Depth 1t% to 21/5 ; head 21/2 to 23^, width 21/3 to 21^. Snout 41/5 

 to 41/2 in head from snout tip ; eye 41/2 to 7, 1 to 1% in snout, ll^ to 

 2% in interorbital ; maxillary reaches 14 to % ^^ ^y^j expansion 1% 

 to 1%, length 2% to 2% in head from snout tip ; teeth in villif orm 

 bands in jaws with outer enlarged row, none on vomer, palatines or 

 tongue; interorbital 3 to 31/5, broadly convex; preopercle edge 

 strongly denticulate, serrae little larger at angle, also little longer in 

 young. Gill rakers 6 + 15, lanceolate, 1% in gill filaments, which 

 equal eye. 



Scales 43 or 44 in lateral line to caudal base and 5 or 6 more on 

 latter ; 9 or 10 scales above lateral line, 16 to 19 below, 31 to 33 pre- 

 dorsal forward above nostrils, 12 to 15 across cheek to angle of pre- 

 opercle ridge. Suprascapula denticulate. Scales with 12 to 15 

 basal radiating striae; apical denticles 30 to 48, with 4 to 9 trans- 

 verse series of basal elements ; circuli very fine. 



D. XI, 15, 1 to XII, 16, I, fifth spine 21^4 to 3 in total head length, 

 sixth ray 1% to 1% ; A. Ill, 11, i, third spine 2i/^ to 2%, seventh ray 

 1% to 21/^; caudal II/3 to 1%, convex behind; least depth of caudal 

 peduncle 2l^ to 2% ; pectoral 1% to 2; ventral 1^4 to 1%. 



Umber, generally mottled variably with paler or darker. Often 

 3 or 4 neutral dusky round spots about size of pupil along base of 

 soft dorsal, these more conspicuous in young. Latter sometimes 

 with as many along anal base and two at caudal base. Dusky line 

 extends from upper hind eye edge obscurely up toward front of 

 spinous dorsal. Another from lower hind eye edge down to angle of 

 preopercle ridge. Also pair of dusky bands parallel along each side 

 of predorsal, each from above nostrils, narrowing upward. Vertical 

 fins and ventrals all darker than body; in young caudal broadly 

 margined whitish and outer edges of soft dorsal and anal same; 

 with age whitish narrower and less conspicuous. Pectoral pale yel- 

 lowish brown, dark blotch basally. 



Natal, Madagascar, Seychelles, India, Ceylon, Andamans, Malacca, 

 Pinang. Singapore, East Indies, Philippines, Cochin, China, Japan. 

 Queensland, New South Wales. Also Panama and in the tropical 

 Atlantic. 



34185, 14186. Cebu market. August 24. 1909. Length 103 to 107 mm. 



6116. Mansalay, Mindoro. June 4, 1908. Length 220 mm. 



A789. Sebatic Island. October 1, 1909. Length 225 mm. 



5070. Sandakan, Borneo. February 29, 1908. Length 172 mm. 



5853, 5854. Kowloon market. China. October 22, 1909. Length 182 to 230 mm. 



Two A.X.S.P. Hong Kong. H. W. Fowler. Length 305 mm. 



Family PEMPHERIDAE 



Body ovate or oblong, greatly compressed. Head moderate, ob- 

 tuse, well compressed. Snout short, usually obtuse. Eyes lateral, 



