56 BULLETIN 10 0, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



Pempheris rhomboideus Kossmann and Rauber, Wiss. Ergebn. Reise Kiisten- 



geb. Roth. Meers, vol. 1, 1877, p. 18. 

 Pempheris erythraea Kossmann and Rauber, Wiss. Ergebn. Reise Kiistengeb. 



Roth. Meers, vol. 1, 1877, p. 18 (on Pempheris mangula Klunzingek 1871). 

 Pempheris russellii Day, Fishes of India, Suppl., 1889, p. 788 (on Mangula 



kutti Russell 1803) ; Fauna Brit. India, Fishes, vol. 2, 1889, p. 100, fig. 



46. — ZuGMATER, Abhandl. K. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., Math.-physikal. Klasse, 



vol. 26, 1913, p. 13 (Mekran).— PiLLAY, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. 



Soc, vol. 33, No. 2, Feb. 15, 1929, p. 364 (Travancore). 

 Liopempheris russelU Baknard, Ann. South Afric. Mus., vol. 21, pt. 2, Oct. 



1927, p. 668, pi. 31, fig. 1 (Natal). 

 PempJierls affinis McCullooh, Zool. Res. Endeavour, pt. 1, 1911, p. 45, pi. 7, 



fig. 1. Off Nobby's Head, Newcastle, New South Wales; Port Jackson. 

 Liopempheris afflnis Ogilby, Mem. Queensland Mus., vol. 2, Dec. 10, 1913, p. 



66 (Port Jackson to Newcastle). — McCulloch, Australian Zoologist, vol. 



1, pt. 7, 1919, p. 89, pi. 26, fig. 224b. 



Depth 2^4 to 22/5; head 3 to §1/3, width 1% to 2. Snout 41/8 to 

 4% in head from snout tip; eye 21/^ to 2%, greater than snout or 

 interorbital ; maxillary reaches % to % in eye, expansion 2% to 

 3% in eye, length 1% to 1% in head from snout tip ; teeth fine, villi- 

 form, in bands in jaws, on vomer and palatines, none on tongue; 

 interorbital 3i/^ to 3%, convex; infraorbital greatly narrower than 

 maxillary expansion. Gill rakers 8 + 20, lanceolate, slender, 1% 

 in eye, gill filaments % of gill rakers. 



Scales 44 to 46 in lateral line to caudal base and 13 to 15 more on 

 latter ; 4 scales above lateral line, 12 or 13 below, 34 to 37 predorsal 

 forward to snout tip. Scales largely cycloid, few along body edges 

 as predorsal, chest and caudal peduncle slightly ctenoid. Scales 

 with 9 to 11 basal radiating striae; circuli very fine. 



D. IV or V, 9, 1, first branched ray II/4 to ll^ in total head length ; 

 A. Ill, 36, I to 38, I, first branched ray 2i/^ to 2^/^ ; caudal 1 to Ij^y, 

 deeply concave behind; least depth of caudal peduncle 3 to 3%; 

 pectoral IjV to 1%; ventral 2 to 2%. 



Brown, with dusky or swarthy appearance, also with violet and 

 lilac reflections. Iris yellowish to neutral dusky. Dorsal grayish 

 with front dusky border, often blackish apically. Caudal light 

 brown or yellowish, with base and hind border dusky. ' Anal yel- 

 lowish, with dusky base. Paired fins yellowish. 



Eed Sea, Natal, Madagascar, India, East Indies, Philippines, Ton- 

 kin, New South Wales. The synonymy is somewhat involved. 

 Mangula kutti Russell is evidently the same as Day's fish. It shows 

 about 60 scales counted along and close below the lateral line to the 

 caudal base and 6 more on the latter, while the tubes indicating the 

 lateral line are far more numerous and doubtless shown erroneously. 

 All the fins are represented with dark borders, but are described 

 " of a yellowish red." 



