58 BULLETIN 10 0, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



PEMPHERIS VANICOLENSIS Cuvier 



Pempheris vanicoletusis Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Poiss., voL 7, 1831, p. 305. Vanicolo. — 

 Bleeker, Atlas Ichth. Ind. Neerland., vol. 9, 1876-77, p. 7, pi. (1)383, 

 fig. 6 (Singapore, Java, Celebes, Sangi, Timor, Ternate, Amboina). — 

 Jordan and Sbalb, Bull. Bur. Fisher., vol. 25, 1905 (1906), p. 236 (Apia, 

 Samoa).— EvEEMANN and Seale, Bull. Bur. Fisher., vol. 26, 1906 (1907), 

 p. 75 (Bulan). — Ogilby, Mem. Queensland Mus., vol. 2, Dec. 10, 1913, p. 66 

 (Moluccas, Vanicolo, Samoa, Mauritius). — Wkreh. Siboga Exp., vol. 57, 

 Fische, 1913, p. 193 (Biaru). 



Liopempheris vanicolensis Jordan and Hubbs, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 10, 

 No. 12, June 27, 1925, p. 229 (Okinawa). 



TempJieris nesogallica Cuvter, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 7, 1831, p. 306. Mauritius. 



f Pempheris wood! arkeii sis Thiolliere, Fauna Woodlark, 1857, p. 170. Wood- 

 lark Island. 



Pempheris mangula (part) Guntheb, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., voL 2, 1860, p. 509.— 

 Kner, Reise Novara, Fische, 1865, p. 171 (Ceylon). — Day, Fishes of 

 India, pt. 2, 1876, p. 175.— Fowler, Mem. Bishop Mus., vol. 10, 1928, 

 p. 191 (Apia). 



Pempheris japonicus (not Steindachnejs and Dodbrlein) Snyder, Proc. U. S. 

 Nat. Mus., vol. 42, 1922, p. 497 (Okinawa). 



Depth 21/8 to 21/5 ; head SVs to 3%, width 1% to 2. Snout 41/2 to 

 5 in head from snout tip ; eye 21/^ to 21/2, greater than snout or inter- 

 orbital; maxillary % to 1/2 in eye, expansion 214 to 2%, length 1% 

 to 2 in head from snout tip; teeth villiform, in bands in jaws, on 

 vomer and palatines, none on tongue; interorbital 3 to 3l^, convex; 

 infraorbital width much less than maxillary expansion. Gill rakers 

 9 + 21, lanceolate, I/2 of eye; gill filaments % of gill rakers. 



Scales 53 to 59 in lateral line to caudal base and 19 or 20 more out 

 over caudal medially ; 6 or 7 scales above lateral line, 12 or 13 below, 

 43 to 46 predorsal forward to snout tip. Scales with 13 or 14 basal 

 radiating striae ; circuli very fine ; some scales on back with 36 or 37 

 weak, obsolete, minute denticles, also 2 or 3 transverse series of basal 

 elements. 



D. V or VI, 9, 1, first branched ray li/s to li/o in total head length; 

 A. Ill, 38, 1 to 44, 1, first branched ray 1% to 21/3 ; caudal li/g to I14, 

 concave behind ; least depth of caudal peduncle 3 to 3% ; pectoral 1% 

 to 11/5 ; ventral 2 to 2i/8. 



Brown, with drab dusky shades, each scale on sides below and on 

 sides of head with pale drab median area. Iris yelowish, with neu- 

 tral gray shades. Dorsal pale brown, with blackish apical blotch. 

 Caudal gray brownish, edges dusky to blackish though not sharply 

 defined. Anal pale brown, with broad blackish margin, base of fin 

 often with deep brown specks. Paired fins uniformly pale brownish. 



Mauritius, Ceylon, East Indies, Philippines, Riu Kiu, Melanesia, 

 Polynesia. My examples differ a little from Bleeker's figure in that 

 he does not show the black apical blotch on the dorsal or the black 

 edges to the caudal and anal fins. Also most of specimens have the 

 scales smooth, scarcely ctenoid. 



