80 BULLETIN 10 0, LtnITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



PSEUDOPRIACANTHUS NIPHONIUS (Cuvier) 



Priacanthus niphonius Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 3, 1829, p. 107. Japan. — 

 SCHLBGBL, Fauna Japon., Poiss., pts. 2-4, 1843, p. 21, pi. 7a (Japan). — 

 Richardson, Ichth. China Japan, 1846, p. 238 (one of Biirger's speci- 

 mens). — GtJNTHER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mas., vol. 1, 1859, p. 217 (Japan). — 

 GuiCHENOT, Notes lie Reunion, vol. 2, 1862, p. 24. — Karoli, Terme.sz. 

 Fiizetek, Budapest, vol. 5, 1881, p. 151 (Yokohama). 



Pseudopriacanthiis niplwnius Bleeker, Versl. Meded. Akad. Wet. Amsterdam, 

 ser. 2, vol. 3, 1869, p. 241 (Japan) ; Atlas Ichth. Ind. Neerland., vol. 7, 

 1873-1876, p. 14 (Celebes) ; vol. 8, 1876-1877, pi. (72)354, fig. 5, pi. (76)352, 

 fig. 3. — BoiiLENGEK, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 1, 1895, p. 358 (Japan; 

 Manado). — Franz, Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., vol. 4, Suppl. Band 1, 1910, p. 

 40 (Yokohama, Fukuura, Aburatsubu, Misaki, Yagoshima, Ogushi). — Jordan 

 and Thompson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 41, 1912, p. 534 (compiled) ; 

 Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 6, No. 4, Sept., 1914, p. 259 (Misaki and Sagami 

 Bay). — IzuKA and Matsuura, Cat. Zool. Spec. Tokyo Mus., Vertebr., 1920, 

 p. 155 (Tokyo market). — Jordan and Hubbs, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 10, 

 No. 2, June 27, 1925, p. 233 (Tokyo, Kochi, Misaki). 



Priacanthus (Pseudopriacanthus) niphonius Steindachner and Doderlein, 

 Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-nat. Klasse, vol. 47, 1883, p. 239 

 (Tokyo, Oshima). 



Myripristis refulgens Valenciennes, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, vol. 54, 

 1862, p. 1169. Bourbon. 



Priacanthus refulgens Sauvage, Hist. Nat. Madagascar, Poiss., 1891, p. 129, 

 pi. 5, fig. 5 (type; Madagascar). 



Priacanthus meyeri GiJNTHER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1871, p. 656. Manado, 

 Celebes.— Saltvage, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, ser. 7, vol. 6, 1882, p. 168 

 (Reunion) ; Hist. Nat. Madagascar, Poiss., 1891, p. 131 (Reunion). — Meyer, 

 Anal. Soc. Espaii. Hist. Nat., Madrid, vol. 14, 1885, p. 11 (Manado, Celebes). 



Depth 1% to 14^; head 22/5 to 33/5, width 1% to 1%. Snout 

 S% to 4 in head from snout tip ; eye 2 to 21/5, greatly exceeds snout 

 or interorbital ; maxillary reaches % to % in eye, expansion 17s to 

 2 in eye, length 1% to ll^ in head from snout tip; teeth fine, conic, 

 in bands in jaws, on vomer and palatines, none on tongue, outer rows 

 in jaws little enlarged, especially upper; interorbital 314 to 3%, 

 very slightly convex to nearly level; preopercle spine better de- 

 veloped in young or projects little beyond gill opening. Gill rakers 

 9 + 21, lanceolate, much longer than gill filaments or 2^8 ii^ eye. 



Scales 45 to 56 counted along lateral line to caudal base and 5 or 

 6 more on latter; tubular scales 34 to 36 in lateral line to caudal 

 base and 1 to 4 more on latter; 11 or 12 rows of scales above lateral 

 line, 23 to 25 below, 38 or 39 predorsal forward to snout tip, 10 or 11 

 rows transversely across cheek to preopercle angle. Bones of head 

 all more or less finely spinescent. Scales with 1 to 5 basal radiating 

 striae; rows of 19 or 20 strong apical denticles; broad, strong, ex- 

 ternal triangular keel ; circuli very fine. 



D. X, 12, I or 11, I, fourth spine 1% to 1% in total head length, 

 fourth ray 1% to 1% ; A. III. 10, i or 11, i, third spine 1% to 2, 



