EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 143 



in duhia does not cross the median suture of the palatine plates of the 

 maxilla?, but crosses the inner incisor on the same side of the skull. 

 (See pi. 3.) While the small first upper premolar in duhia is nearly 

 anterior to the center of the front face of the larger second pre- 

 molar, in hergeri it is directly in front of the anterior external comer 

 of that tooth, so great is the difference in position of the larger 



premolar. 



Genus CROCUTA Kaup. 



1828. Crocuta Kaup, Isis, vol. 21, p. 1145. (C. crocuta.) 



1829. Crocotta Kaup, Ent.-Gesch. Europ. Thierwelt, vol. 1, p. 78. 



Numerous forms of the spotted hyena from many parts of Africa 

 have been named by various authors. Most of these species have 

 been based on color differences observed in v^ery small series, or even 

 between single examples of two supposed races. Great stress has 

 been laid on the wide difference between gray, buff, and red examples, 

 and on the color of the spots — black, brown, or red, Mnor dif- 

 ferences in the skulls have also been represented to be of specific 

 importance. The splendid series of carefully sexed skins and skulls 

 of these animais assembled in the United States National Museum by 

 the Smithsonian and the Rainey expeditions has made possible a 

 careful study of individual variation in a large number of specimens 

 from the same region, and a comparison of suitable series from 

 different localities. The results quite discredit many characters 

 which have been considered as of primary importance in distin- 

 guishing species. Witnin a single series of specimens from the 

 Sotik region, for example, are extremes of red and gray types, brown 

 and black spotted types, spotted and unspotted shouldered exam- 

 ples, and remarkable variations in shape and size of the skull. Of 

 more importance, however, are the numerous examples showing every 

 degree of variation between extremes in all these characteristics. 



For measurements of specimens see tables, pages 146-149. 



CKOCUTA CROCUTA GERMINANS (Matschie). 



Plate 2. 



1900. Hyaena (Crocotta) germinans Matschie, Sitz.-ljer. Ges. nat. Freunde Berlin, 

 p. 27. (Lake Rukwa, German East Africa; type in Berlin Museum.) 



1910. Hysena crocuta germinans Roosevelt, African Game Trails, Amer. ed., 



p. 473; London ed., p. 485. 



1911. Crocuta nzoyse, Cabrera, Bol. Real Soc. Espaiiola Hist. Nat., vol. 9, p. 200. 



April. (Nzoia River, Guaa Ngishu Plateau, British East Africa; type 

 in collection of D. Ricardo de la Huerta, Madrid.) 

 1914. Crocuta crocuta germinans Roosevelt and Heller, Life-Hist. African 

 Game Anim., vol. 1, p. 261. 



Spemnens. — -Forty -six, from the following locahties: 

 British East Africa: Guas Ngishu Boma, 1 (K. Roosevelt); 

 Kabalolot Hill, Sotik, 10 (Heller, Rainey); Kampiya bibi, Guas 



