EASTERN HAIRY WOODPECKER 23 



evenings in a grove, clinging upright against a tree trunk in the 

 usual woodpecker position. Night after night, the bird was there 

 at dusk, remained there until dark, and was there also at daybreak 

 each morning in precisely the same place." 



Joseph J. Hickey tells me that, around the lower Hudson River 

 Valley in winter, woodpeckers obtain much of their food by de- 

 liberately scaling the bark off trees in search for their insect food. 

 The Arctic three-toed woodpeckers work mainly on pines and hem- 

 locks, but the hairies appear to confine their work to the hemlocks, 

 using the same methods as the three-toed. 



DISTRIBUTION 



Range. — Northern and Central America; not regularly migratory. 



The range of the hairy woodpecker extends north to Alaska 

 (Kenai Peninsula, Fairbanks, and Fort Egbert) ; Yukon (Forty Mile, 

 Fort Reliance, and Macmillan River) ; Mackenzie (Fort Wrigley, 

 Lake Hardisty, and Fort Resolution) ; northern Saskatchewan 

 (mouth of the Chariot River and Poplar Point) ; northern Manitoba 

 (Grand Rapids, probably Fort Churchill, and probably York Fac- 

 tory) ; Ontario (Hat Island and Cobalt) ; Quebec (Blue Sea Lake, 

 Quebec City, Godbout, Eskimo Bay, and Anticosti Island) ; and New- 

 foundland (Nicholsville and Raleigh). From this point the range 

 extends southward along the Atlantic coast to southern Florida (Eau 

 Gallic) ; the western Bahama Islands (Great Bahama, Abaco, and 

 Andros) ; and Panama (Boquete). The southern boundary of the 

 range extends westward from Panama (Boquete) ; Nicaragua (San 

 Rafael) ; western Guatemala (Tecpam) ; Chiapas (San Cristobal) ; 

 to Guerrero (Chilpancingo and Omilteme). From this point, north- 

 ward through the mountains of western Mexico, northern Baja Cali- 

 fornia (Sierra San Pedro Martir and Sierra Juarez) ; and the coastal 

 districts of California, Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia, 

 to Alaska (Chilkoot, Chitina Moraine, and the Kenai Peninsula). 



As outlined, the range is for the entire species, which has, however, 

 been so divided that no less than 13 subspecies are currently recog- 

 nized as occupying the range north of Mexico, while still others oc- 

 cur in Central American countries. The typical eastern hairy 

 woodpecker (Z>. v. villosus)., occurs in the Eastern United States and 

 southern Canada west to Manitoba, North Dakota, and Colorado 

 and south to North Caralina and central Texas. The northern hairy 

 woodpecker {D. v. septentrionalls) occupies the zone to the noi-th, 

 from southeastern Quebec, northwestward to western Mackenzie, 

 Yukon, and central Alaska. The Newfoundland woodpecker (Z>. v. 

 terraenovae) is found only on the island of that name. The southern 

 hairy woodpecker {D. v. auduboni) occupies the southeastern part 



