116 BULLETIN 17 4, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



lowstone Park) ; northwestern Montana (Glacier National Park and 

 Fortine) ; northern Idaho (Fort Sherman) ; and central California 

 (Mona Lake and Bear Valley). West to California (Bear Valley, 

 Lassen Peak, and Mount Shasta) ; Oregon (Pinehurst and Fort Ivla- 

 math) ; Washington (Bumping Lake and probably Tiger) ; British 

 Columbia (Arrow Lakes, Fort St. James, Kispiox Valley, and Atlin) ; 

 south-central Yukon (Six-mile River) ; and Alaska (Chitina Moraine 

 and probably Tocatna Forks). 



During the winter season this species has been recorded north to 

 Alaska (Copper River) ; Mackenzie (Fort Simpson, Fort Rae, and 

 Fort Reliance) ; Manitoba (Grand Rapids) ; Ontario (Arnprior and 

 Ottawa) ; New Brunswick (Scotch Lake) ; and Nova Scotia (Pictou). 

 While no regular movements have been detected, individuals have 

 been recorded at this season south to Long Island, N. Y, (East 

 Hampton and Southampton) ; northern New Jersey (Upper Mont- 

 clair and Englewood) ; southern New York (Ithaca) ; Ohio (Paines- 

 ville and Akron) ; Illinois (Rantoul and Peoria) ; Iowa (Big Cedar 

 River) ; and Nebraska (Omaha and Dakota) . 



Egg dates. — Laborador : 3 records, May 27 to June 2. 



Maine : 3 records, May 19 to June 12. 



New Brunswick : 12 records. May 19 to June 30 ; 6 records, May 30 

 to June 15, indicating the height of the season. 



New York : 5 records, May 18 to June 10. 



PICOiDES TRIDACTYLUS BACATUS Bangs 



AMERICAN THREE-TOED WOODPECKER 



Plate 17 



HABITS 



This North American race of the three-toed woodpecker occupies 

 an extensive range in the Hudsonian and Canadian Zones of ap- 

 proximately the eastern half of Canada, which extends into some 

 of the Northern States from Minnesota eastward. Two other races 

 occupy similar zones in western Canada, Alaska, and the Rocky 

 Mountains. The species is not particularly common anywhere, but 

 the eastern race seems to be the best known. For a full discussion 

 of the various races of the North American three-toed woodpeckers, 

 the reader is referred to an extensive paper on the subject by Outram 

 Bangs (1900). This woodpecker is not evenly distributed through- 

 out its range but seems to be confined to certain rather limited and 

 favorable localities. William Brewster (1898) found it breeding in 

 the eastern part of Coos County, N. H., on the eastern side of a 

 small pond ; "where an elevated ridge approaches the pond the banks 

 are above the reach of the highest floods and the land in the rear 

 slopes gently upward. At this point a dense, vigorous forest of 



