RED-HEADED WOODPECKER 209 



Estes Park, and Fort Collins) ; eastern Wyoming (Laramie and 

 Careyhurst) ; and Montana (Kirby, Billings, Lewistown, and 

 Strabane) . 



During the siinuner season the species also has been taken or ob- 

 served north to southeastern Alberta (Medicine Hat, Big Stick, and 

 Eastend) ; southern Saskatchewan (Oak Lake, Aweme, and Pilot 

 mound) ; Quebec (Quebec City) ; and New Brunswick (Beaver Dam). 



Winter range. — The normal winter range of the red-headed wood- 

 pecker appears to extend north to Oklahoma (Oklahoma City and 

 Okmulgee) ; northeastern Iowa (National) ; Illinois (Ohio and 

 Mount Carmel) ; Tennessee (Nashville and Knoxville) ; West Vir- 

 ginia (Charlestown and Clarksburg) ; and southeastern Pennsyl- 

 vania (Philadelphia). At this season it is never common on the 

 Atlantic coast north of South Carolina (Charleston), but is found 

 from there south to southern Florida (Miami). From this point 

 it winters westward along the Gulf coast to Louisiana and probably 

 Texas. The western limits of the winter range appear to be central 

 Texas (probably Somerset) and Oklahoma (Caddo and Oklahoma 

 City). 



In addition to the winter range above given, it also has been noted 

 casually at this season in eastern Kansas and Nebraska, southeastern 

 South Dakota (Yankton, January 2, 1929, and the winter of 

 1936-37) ; North Dakota (Grafton, specimen collected January 24, 

 1905) ; Minnesota (frequent in the southern part) ; Wisconsin (oc- 

 casional north to Meriden and New London) ; southern Michigan 

 (Grand Kapids, Lansing, and Detroit) ; southern Ontario (Cold- 

 stream, Toronto, and Kingston) ; southern Vermont (Bennington) ; 

 and Massachusetts (Boston). 



Migration. — The migrations of the red-headed woodpecker are 

 imperfectly understood, and, as will be noted from the numerous 

 casual winter records, individuals of this species sometimes winter 

 north almost to the limits of the breeding range. This makes diffi- 

 cult the designation of early and late dates of migration. Never- 

 theless, the following dates may be considered representative of most 

 seasons in that portion of the range where the species is normally 

 migratory : 



/Spring Tnigration. — Early dates of arrival are : New Jersey — Eliza- 

 beth, February 27 ; New Providence, March 13 ; Cape May, March 27. 

 Northwestern Pennsylvania — Beaver, April 15. New York — Penn 

 Yan, April 3; West Brighton, April 12; Syracuse, April 14. Con- 

 necticut — Fairfield, ISIarch 2; Meriden, March 28. Massachusetts — 

 Bernardstown, April 4 ; Russell, April 21. Vermont — St. Johnsbury, 

 April 19. Maine — Lewiston, May 8; Portland, May 15. Quebec — 

 Montreal, May 7. Ohio — Wauseon, INIarch 7. Michigan — Saginaw, 

 March 9; Sault Ste. Marie, May 22. Ontario — London, March 13; 



