GOLDEN-FRONTED WOODPECKER 245 



Carolina (Mattamuskeet Lake and Orton) ; South Carolina (Colum- 

 bia and Frogmore) ; Georgia (Savannah, Cnmberland Island, and 

 Blackbeard Island) ; and Florida (New Smyrna, Eldred, Cape Flor- 

 ida, and Upper Matecunibc Key). The southern limits extend west- 

 ward along the Gulf coast to eastern Texas (Giddings and Austin). 

 V/est to eastern Texas (Austin, Cameron, and Waco) ; Oklahoma 

 (Caddo, Norman, and Arnett) ; eastern Kansas (Harper, Wichita, 

 and Manhattan) ; and southeastern Nebraska (Lincoln). 



Although not a migratory species, there appears to be some retreat 

 from the northern parts of the range, particularly during severe 

 winters. 



Casual records. — Red-bellied woodpeckers have been taken or ob- 

 served on numerous occasions in New Jersey and eastern New York 

 (including Long Island). The northermnost records on the Atlantic 

 seaboard are several from Massachusetts, among which are the fol- 

 lowing: Springfield, May 13, 1863; Newton, November 25, 1880; 

 Cohasset, May 28, 1881 ; and Clinton, July 17, 189G. One was noted 

 at Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, on August 29, 1920 ; two were reported 

 from Yankton, S. Dak., on April 14, 1923 ; one was seen in Monroe 

 Canyon, Sioux County, northwestern Nebraska (date ?) ; in Colo- 

 rado, a specimen was taken at Fountain in 1873 and another at Limon 

 in May 1899, while one was seen at Greeley in 1895 and another at 

 Yuma on October 1, 2, and 3, 1906. According to Ridgway (1914), 

 the species is "accidental in Arizona (Fort Grant) ," but no informa- 

 tion is available to indicate the authority for this statement. 



Egg dates. — Alabama : 9 records, April 17 to July 11. 



Florida : 20 records, April 10 to June 20 ; 10 records, April 16 to 

 May 13, indicating the height of the season. 



Illinois : 8 records, April 1 to Jane 3. 



Texas : 8 records, April 8 to July 9. 



CENTURUS AURIFEONS (Wagler) 



GOLDEN-FRONTED WOODPECKER 



HABITS 



The golden-fronted woodpecker is found, in suitable localities, from 

 central Texas southward to the Valley of Mexico, It is not, however, 

 evenly distributed, being common in certain regions that suit its re- 

 quirements and entirely absent from other types of surroundmg 

 country. For example, E. M. Hasbrouck (1889) says: "In the single 

 locality in Eastland County where they are found, they may be said 

 to be fairly common, but outside of an area of twenty-five square miles 

 they are unknown in the County. * * * This section of country 

 presents peculiar characteristics ; the timber is entirely of post-oak, and 

 the ground more or less thickly covered with 'shinnery,' and differs 



