262 BULLETIN 174, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



Winter range. — During the winter season the flicker is found with 

 more or less regularity north to southeastern South Dakota (Yank- 

 ton, Vermillion, and Sioux Falls) ; southern Minnesota (Hutchinson 

 and Minneapolis) ; southern Wisconsin (North Freedom and Mil- 

 waukee) ; southern Michigan (Kalamazoo, Jackson, Ann Arbor, and 

 Detroit) ; southern Ontario (Plover Mills, Hamilton, and Toronto) ; 

 New York (Rochester, Syracuse, and Rhinebeck) ; and rarely Maine 

 (Waterville) . From this point it is found south along the Atlantic 

 coast to southern Florida (St. Lucie and Fort Myers). The south- 

 ern limits of the winter range are found on the Gulf coast from Flor- 

 ida (Fort Myers) to Texas (Brownsville). West to Texas (Browns- 

 ville, San Antonio, San Angelo, and Abilene) ; central Oklahoma 

 (Norman, Oklahoma City, and Tonkawa) ; Kansas (Wichita and 

 rarely Hay) ; Nebraska (Red Cloud and North Loup) ; and south- 

 eastern South Dakota (Yankton). It also has been taken or observed 

 at this season north to southern Saskatchewan (Eastend) ; Quebec 

 (Montreal) ; New Brunswick (St. John) ; and Nova Scotia (Bridge- 

 town). 



The range as outlined is for the entire species, of which two sub- 

 species are currently recognized. The typical form, known as the 

 southern flicker {C. a. awatus), is found from southern Florida and 

 Texas north to southeastern Kansas, southeastern Missouri, southern 

 Illinois and Indiana, and North Carolina. It probably is non- 

 migratory. The rest of the range is occupied by the northern flicker 

 {C. a. luteus). 



Spring migration. — Early dates of arrival in regions north of the 

 winter range as outlined, are: Nova Scotia — Wolfville, March 26; 

 Halifax, April 7. New Brunswick — Scotch Lake, April 5; Grand 

 Manan, April 12. Quebec — Quebec City, April 27 ; Godbout, May 2 ; 

 Paradise, June 5. North Dakota — Fargo, March 29 ; Charlson, March 

 30; Grand Forks, April 2. Manitoba — ^Winnipeg, March 30; Alex- 

 ander, April 14; Raeburn, April 15. Saskatchewan — Eastend, April 

 3 ; McLean, April 3. Wyoming — Cheyenne, April 7 ; Laramie, April 

 12. Montana — Great Falls, April 1; Terry, April 4; Jackson, April 

 14. Alberta — Banff, April 4; Flagstaff, April 13; Edmonton, April 

 17. Mackenzie — Fort Simpson, May 4; Fort Reliance, May 2. 

 Alaska — Fairbanks, April 25; Fort Yukon, May 1. 



Fall migration. — Late dates of fall departure are: Alaska — 

 Wrangell, October 11; Craig, October 21. Mackenzie — near Mc Vicar 

 Bay, September 10 ; Great Slave Lake, September 11 ; Fort Simpson, 

 October 16. Alberta — Lac La Biche, September 25; Glenevis, Octo- 

 ber 2; Calgary, October 10. Montana — Bozeman, September 24; 

 Saskatchewan — Eastend, October 14. Manitoba — Alexander, October 

 22 ; Aweme, October 27. North Dakota— Arlington, October 19 ; Ar- 

 gusville, October 21 ; Fargo, October 21. Northern Michigan— Sault 



