RED-SHATTED FLICKER 295 



The range as outlined applies to the entire species, of which four 

 subspecies or geographic races are now recognized. The typical 

 form, known as the northwestern flicker {Golaptes c. cafer)^ is found 

 in the northern Pacific coast regions from southeastern Alaska and 

 western British Columbia south to northern California. The red- 

 shafted flicker {C. c. collaris) occurs over all the remaining parts of 

 the range except for certain mountainous areas in northern Baja 

 California and Guadalupe Island, occupied by the San Pedro flicker 

 {C. c. martirensis) and the now extinct Guadalupe flicker {C. c. 

 rufipileus) . 



Migratio7i. — Such migratory movements as are made by this spe- 

 cies cannot be satisfactorily portrayed by the use of dates. The 

 most conspicuous migration is vertical rather than lateral, for dur- 

 ing fall and winter in the eastern part of the range there is a more 

 or less well-defined movement east from the Rocky Mountain re- 

 gion onto the Great Plains. At these seasons the species may travel 

 eastward to Iowa (Forest City, Boone, and Des Moines) ; Missouri 

 (Kansas City) ; Arkansas (Van Buren) ; southeastern Oklahoma 

 (Caddo) ; and eastern Texas (Gainesville, Waco, Somerset, and 

 Brownsville). 



Spring migration. — In the northern part of the breeding range, 

 from which the species appears to withdraw in winter with more or 

 less regularity, the following are early dates of spring arrival: 

 South Dakota — White River, March 28; Yankton, April 1. North 

 Dakota — McKenzie County, March 31; Arnegard, April 11. Al- 

 berta — Banff, April 3; Warner, April 24; Edmonton, April 29. 

 Alaska — Kupreanof Island, April 12. 



Fall migration. — Late dates of departure from northern areas are : 

 Alaska — Wrangeil, November 26. Alberta — Jasper, September 8; 

 Henry House, September 22. North Dakota — Grafton, October 7 

 (one was collected in the Red River Valley on December 6, 1924). 

 South Dakota — Faulkton, October 15. 



Although red-shafted flickers have been banded in considerable 

 numbers, the Biological Survey files do not contain any data indica- 

 tive of an extensive flight from the point of banding. There are, 

 however, many cases of recapture in succeeding seasons at the band- 

 ing station. 



Casual records. — Among the few records where this species has 

 been collected or observed outside its normal range are the follow- 

 ing : One was taken at Grafton, N. Dak., April 19, 1925, and another 

 was shot near Winnipeg, Manitoba, September 30, 1904. There are 

 two records for northern Alberta, one at Fort Chipewyan, May 21, 

 1893, and the other at Smiths Portage, June 8, 1908. Other records, 

 some of which are from points farther east (as Minnesota), are for 

 hybrids between this species and C. auratus. 



