70 BULLETIN 171, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



Order PROBOSCIDEA 

 Family MASTODONTIDAE 



MAMMUT cf. AMERICANUM (Kerr) 



A mastodon is represented in the Cumberland Cave collection by 

 four juvenile teeth and a tibia without epiphyses. The teeth are 

 apparently the second, third, and fourth left and the third right of the 

 lower-jaw series. 



There is nothing to distinguish these scanty remains from the 

 typical Mammut americanum. 



Order PERISSODACTYLA 

 Family EQUIDAE 



EQUUS species 



The genus Equus is represented in the Cumberland Cave collection 

 by only three teeth and three toe bones. The teeth, an upper and a 

 lower of one individual and an upper of a second individual, are those 

 of juveniles; they represent the milk dentition. The toe bones are 

 two first phalanges and a metacarpal, representing adult individuals. 

 These specimens belong to one of the large species of eastern horse, as 

 E. complicatus or E. pectinatus, but on this incomplete material an 

 attempt to determine the exact species represented would be no more 

 than guess work, based on size alone. 



One peculiarity of the foot bones may be mentioned. Both the 

 metacarpal and phalanges are relatively wide for their length and 

 depth as compared with the western species of Pleistocene horses, 

 suggesting a species with short stocky limbs. 



Family TAPIRIDAE 



TAPIRUS species 



Figure 38 



Two last lower molars (see fig. 38) of the right side belonging to 

 adult individuals, and a fragment of a left upper premolar of a third 

 and much younger individual, represent the tapirs in the Cumberland 

 Cave collection. 



These teeth indicate a species somewhat larger than the living tapirs 

 of South and Central America and the Florida Pleistocene tapir, T. 

 veroensis Sellards, but not quite so large as T. haijsii Leidy. Also they 

 are of narrower proportions than the corresponding tooth in the Port 

 Kennedy specimen, which has been assigned to T. haysii. In a study of 

 lower teeth of a series of the living species of tapirs, the proportions 



