A HAND-LIST OF BRITISH BIRDS. ^ 



DiSTB^iBJJTO'^ .— British Isles. — Resident. Common most parts, 

 but only a visitor to Shetlands and most O. Hebrides, though it 

 breeds Stomoway (Lewis). 



Migrations. — British Isles. — Most home-bred birds emigrate Sept. 

 and return March. Great numbers arrive north-east coasts Great 

 Britain Oct. and leave in early spring. An autumn-immigration 

 has also been noticed in Ireland. 



Distribution. — Abroad. — North and central Europe generally. 

 Replaced by allied forms in south-west Europe and north-west 

 Africa, in south-east Europe, Syria, and Turkestan. 



CARDUELIS CARDUELIS 



[Carduelis carduelis carduelis (L.)— THE CONTINENTAL 

 GOLDFINCH. 



Fringilla Carduelis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, i, p. 18C (1758 — 

 Juniper woods of Europe, Restricted typical locality : Sweden). 



Distribution. — British Isles. — "Immigrant." Goldfinches are 

 recorded regularly east coast England in Oct. (c/. Saunders, p. 174 ; 

 Birds Yorks., i, p. 171). Until actual specimens have been examined, 

 however, the Continental form cannot be definitely included. 



Distribution. — Abroad. — Europe from about lat. 65° in Norway 

 and 60° in Russia to the Mediterranean. Replaced in Spain and 

 north-west Africa, some Mediterranean islands, and the Atlantic 

 isles as well as in western Asia, by closely-allied forms.] 



i8. Carduelis carduelis britannica (Hart.) — THE BRITISH 

 GOLDFINCH. 



AcANTHis CARDUELIS BRiTANNicus Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, i, p. 68 

 (1903— British Isles. Type, Rottingdean) ; id., Brit. B., i, p. 211. 

 Carduelis elegans Stephens, Yarrell, ii, p. 117; Saunders, p. 173. 



Distribution. — Confined to British Isles. — British Isles. — Resident. 

 Local, but generally distributed, and increasing except in Ireland 

 where decreasing ; very rare northern Scotland and only scarce 

 vagrant 0. Hebrides, Shetlands, and Orkneys. 

 Migrations. — British Isles. — Flocks, and migrates locally autumn 

 and winter, and some may emigrate. Passing birds (possibly of 

 British form) have been noted in spring in various counties (c/. 

 Bull. B.O.C., XX, p. 178 ; xxii, p. 182 ; xxiv, p. 173). 



