A HAND-LIST OF BRITISH BIRDS. 15 



two near London, one each Hants., Somerset, and Devon, and one 

 said to have been seen Yorks., and another Oxon. Two co. Dubhn. 

 Male near Edinburgh Nov. 9, 1911. 



Distribution. — Abroad. — Common in north-west Africa and south 

 Europe, northwards to Germany, where in olden times restricted 

 to south-west parts (Frankfort), but now nearly all over the country. 

 In Holland now less rare than formerly, but whether it breeds as 

 yet uncertain. Casual in Denmark. 



[Note. — " Wild" Canaries, Serinus canarins canarius (L.) have been 

 taken in Great Britain, but these were undoubtedly escaped birds, as in its 

 home (Canary Islands, Azores, and Madeira) the Canary Serin does not 

 migrate, and numbers are imported into our islands.] 



PYRRHULA PYRRHULA 



29, Pyrrhula pyrrhula pyrrhula (L.) — THE NORTHERN 

 BULLFINCH. 



LoxiA Pyrrhula Linnneus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, i, p. 171 (1758 — Europe. 

 Restricted typical locality : Sweden). 

 P. major, Saunders, p. 195 (in text). 



Distribution. — Great Britain. — Irregular winter- visitor. As it is 

 imported as cage-bird some records may be clue to "escapes," 

 but following are probably genuine : — England — Two Yorks. 

 Nov., 1894, and possibly immigrations noted under ''Pyrrhula 

 europcea " Nov., 1880, Oct. and Nov., 1884, 1886, 1887, and other 

 years {Birds Yorks., i, pp. 194 and 195), one Yorks. coast Dec. 

 3, 1910. One Yarmouth (Norfolk) Jan. 22, 1893. Scotland.— 

 One near Longniddry (Haddington) Oct., 1884. Considerable 

 immigration Shetlands Nov., 1905, and some birds March and April, 

 1905, Oct., 1906, and one Nov., 1902, probably of this form! 

 One or more Fair Isle, Nov., 1905, and a few Nov., 1906, and a 

 good many Isle of May, Fair Isle, and Shetlands, as well as south- 

 east Scotland, Oct., Nov. and Dec, 1910. Others recorded as 

 " Bullfinches " in Shetlands probably of this form (c/. Brit. B., 

 I, p. 246 ; IV, pp. 211, 250, 292, 369). 



Distribution. — Abroad. — Scandinavia, Russia, north-east parts of 

 Germany, and west Siberia, also apparently Hungary and Tran- 

 sylvania. In winter spreading southAvards and westwards, as far as 

 west and south Europe. Represented by a form (P. p. europcea*) ; 

 much more nearly allied to P.p. pileata in west and central 

 Europe generally, and by other forms in the Azores, Caucasus, and 

 temperate Asia. 



* No examples of this form have as yet been detected in the British Isles. 



