A HAND-LIST OF BRITISH BIRDS. 19 



LOXIA LEUCOPTERA 



36. Loxia leucoptera bifasciata (Brehm) — THE TWO-BARRED 

 CROSSBILL. 



Crucirostra bifasciata Brehm, Ornis, iii, p. 85 (1827 — Thuringia and 



Vienna). 



Loxia bifasciata (C. L. Brehm), Yarrell, 11, p. 211 ; Saunders, p. 203. 



Distribution. — British Isles. — Rare vagrant. A good many 

 recorded from various parts England, but mostly on eastern side ; 

 in some years (e.g. 1845-6, and autumn 1889) a number together. 

 About eleven authentic records Scotland, and three Ireland. 



Distribution. — Abroad. — Forests of north European Russia (and 

 probably west Siberia), more or less irreguiarty spreading south- 

 westwards at various times of the year. Concerning the doubtful 

 Siberian subspecies, Loxia leucoptera elegans Hom., c/. Vog. pal. 

 Fauna, i, p. 124. 



[Loxia leucoptera leucoptera Gm.— THE AMERICAN WHITE- 

 WINGED CROSSBILL. 



Loxia leucoptera Gmelin, Syst. ISTat., i, 2, p. 844 (1789 — North America). 

 Loxia leucoptera J. F. Gmelin, Yarrell, ii, p. 218 ; Saunders, p. 204 



(in text). 



Distribution. — British Isles. — Several recorded occurrences are 

 dealt with by Saunders and in Yarrell, and there are others, but it 

 is very doubtful if it has occurred in a truly wild state. 



Distribution. — Abroad. — ^Northern North America. In winter 

 southwards, irregularly as far as North Carolina, Indiana, Illinois, 

 Kansas, Colorado, Nevada. Occurs south and east Greenland. 

 Said to have been x^rocured on Heligoland.] 



FRINGILLA CCELEBS 



37. Fringilla coelebs coelebs L.— THE CHAFFINCH. 



Fringilla CCELEBS Linnseus, Syst. Nat.,ed. x, i, p. 179 (1758— " Europa." 



Restricted typical locality : Sweden). 



Fringilla coelebs gengleri Kleinschmidt, Falco, v, p. 13 (1909 — England. 



Typical locality : Hampstead). 



Fringilla coelebs Linngeus, Yarrell, ii, p. 68 ; Saunders, p. 183. 



Distribution. — British Isles. — Resident. Abundant and widely 

 distributed, nesting in Orkneys but not Shetlands, nor probably 

 0. Hebrides, where onty a visitor. 



Migrations. — British Isles. — Our residents flock in winter and 

 move about the country, but there is little evidence that they 

 emigrate. Meantime large flocks arrive from the Continent on 



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