2U A HAND -LIST OF BRITISH BIRDS. 



east coasts Great Britain. Many continue westward and spread 

 inland, while some perhaps pass south. A diminution in Sept. 

 and an increase in Oct. and Nov. have been noticed in Ireland. 



Distribution. — Abroad. — Europe generalty, western parts of Asia. 

 In winter in north Africa. Replaced by a supposed closely-allied 

 form in Corsica, and by different races in north-west Africa, 

 Canaries, Madeira, and Azores. 



FRINGILLA MONTIFRINGILLA 



38. Fringilla montifringilla L.— THE BRAMBLING. 



Fringilla montifringilla Linnsous, Syst. Nat., ed. x, i, p. 179 (1758 — 

 ''Habitat in Europa." Restricted typical locality: Sweden). 

 Fringilla montifringilla Linnaeus, Yarrell, 11, p. 75 ; Saunders, p. 185. 



Distribution and Migrations. — England and Wales. — Winter- 

 visitor, arriving north-east and east coasts England Oct., in varying 

 numbers according to severity of weather. In south and west 

 England and in Wales its numbers are still more dependent upon 

 weather-conditions as well as supply of beech-mast. In some 

 years does not occur in extreme south-west and west. Most return 

 March, but many stay until April and occasionally to May and 

 exceptionally June (Yorks., June 30, 1907). Scotland. — Numbers 

 greatly influenced bj^ weather-conditions, and most regular and 

 abundant in south-east ; in south-west and north-east more irregular 

 but sometimes occurring in large numbers ; in north-west and 

 O. Hebrides a straggler; in Shetlands and Fair Isle fairly regular 

 autumn and spring, but in Orkneys irregular. Late dates : 

 Dumfries., May 10, 1895 ; Fair Isle, May 20, 1909. Ireland.— 

 In varying numbers to all quarters, but rare in west. Late date : 

 DoAvn, June 13, 1910. 



Distribution. — Abroad. — Sub- arctic forests of Old World, in 

 Europe in northern Scandinavia and north Russia, in winter all 

 over Europe and northern parts of Asia. An eastern form has 

 been separated, but requires confirmation. 



MONTIFRINGILLA NIVALIS 



39. Montifringilla nivalis nivalis (L.)— THE SNOW-FINCH. 



Fringilla nivalis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. xii, i, p. 321 (1766 — " Hab. 

 in America." Errore ! As typical locality accepted : Switzerland; 

 c/. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, i, p. 132). 



Montifringilla nivalis (Linn.), M. J. Nicoll, Bull. B.O.C., xv, p. 58 ; 

 Saunders, Brit. B., i, p. 13. 



Distribution. — England. — Twdce. Male, Rye Harbour (Sussex), 

 Feb. 22, 1905 {ut supra). Two, Paddock Wood (Kent), Dec. 28, 

 1906, with a flock of four or five " similar-looking " birds 

 (N. F. Ticehurst, Brit. B., i, p. 189). 



