A HAND -LIST OF BRITISH BIRDS. 21 



Distribution. — Abroad. — High elevations in the Alps, Pyrenees, 

 Sierra Nevada (Spain), north Apennines, rare in south-east Europe 

 but breeding in Montenegro and Greece. Allied forms in Asia. 



PASSER DOMESTICUS 



40. Passer domesticus domesticus (L.) — THE HOUSE- 

 SPARROW. 



Friis^gilla domestica Linngpus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, i, p. 183 (1758 — 



" Eiiropa." Restricted typical locality : Sweden). 



Passer domesticus (Linnaeiis), Yarrell, 11, p. 89 ; Saunders, p. 179. 



Distribution. — British Isles. — Resident. Widely distributed. 

 Now established I. Hebrides, but still confined to Castlebay (Barra), 

 Tarbert (Harris) and Stornoway (Lewis) in O. Hebrides. Local 

 in many parts Ireland, but found on western isles. 



Migrations. — British Isles. — Appears to move from certain exposed 

 places in winter, but no evidence of true migration of our residents. 

 An autumn-immigration to east coast of England south of the 

 Wash has been noted, and there is some evidence of a cross-Channel 

 departure in late autumn. 



Distribution. — Abroad. — Europe generally except Italy, eastwards 

 to Siberia. Replaced by closely-allied forms in Itah^, north Africa 

 and parts of Asia. 



PASSER MONTANUS 



41. Passer montanus montanus (L.) — THE TREE-SPARROW. 



Fringilla MONTANA Linnseus, Syst. Xat., ed. x, i, p. 183 (1758 — '' Habitat 

 in Europa." Restricted typical locality : North Italy ; cf. Hartert, 

 Vog. pal. Fanna, i, p. 160). 

 Passer montanus (Linn?eus), Yarrell, 11, p. 82 ; Saunders, p. 181. 



Distribution. — England and Wales. — Resident. Wideh^ spread 

 but local, especialty in extreme south-west (where it appears not 

 to nest), south and west Wales and Lanes., Westmorland and 

 Cumberland. Has nested Isle of Man. Scotland. — Mostly on east 

 side, very local and rare west side. Breeds in some O. Hebrides, 

 even as far west as St. Kilda, and very rarely in Shetlands. 

 Ireland. — Local resident, co. Dublin since 1852, and recently on 

 coasts of Londonderry, Mayo and Donegal, and once seen in Sligo. 

 Once occurred off Wexford. 



Migrations. — British Isles. — Large flocks arrive east coast England 

 late Sept. and in Oct., and return mid-March to mid- April. Occurs 

 Fair Isle and Isle of May in autumn. No evidence of migration 

 to Ireland. 



