A HAXD-LIST OF BRITISH BIRDS. 35 



ANTHUS SPINOLETTA 



70. Anthus spinoletta spinoletta (L.)— THE WATER-PIPIT. 



Alauda Spinoletta Linnaeus, Syst. Xat., ed. x, i, p. 166 (1758 — Italy). 



Anthus spinoletta, Seebohm, Hist. Brit. B., 11, p. 248. 



Anthus spipoletta (Linnaeus), Yarrell, i, p. 581 ; Saunders, p. 141. 



Distribution. — England and Wales. — Possibly regular migrant to 

 Sussex coast and a vagrant elsewhere. There has been some 

 confusion between the Water-Pipit and Scandinavian Rock-Pipit, 

 but Mr. M. J. Nicoll has recently shown {ZooL, 1906, p. 467) that 

 it is fairly regular on passage in Sussex. The following appear 

 satisfactory : Sussex, four, spring and autumn prior to 1900, one 

 Feb., 1900, one Oct., 1902, four Oct., eight Nov., and one Dec, 

 1904, four Feb., one April, and one Oct., 1905, and some spring, 

 1906. Single birds, Isle of Wight, Sept., 1865 ; Lines., April, 1895 ; 

 Carnarvon, April and Dec, 1897, Feb., 1898 ; Scilly Islands, May, 

 1903 ; Oxon, Mar., 1903 ; Devon, Aug., 1904 ; Norfolk, Jan., 1905 ; 

 Kent, Jan., 1905 (c/. Brit. B., i, pp. 113-114, ii, p. 276, iii, pp. 120, 

 299). Ireland.— One Rockabill (Dublin), June, 1861. 



Distribution. — Abroad. — Mountains of central and south Europe 

 generally, east to Asia Minor. Partly migrant, or vagrant, \isiting 

 plains of north Germany and elsewhere, and common in winter in 

 south Europe, also occurring in north-west Africa. 



71. Anthus spinoletta rubescens (Tunst.) — THE AMERICAN 

 WATER-PIPIT. 



Alauda rubescens Tunstall, Orn. Brit., p. 2 (1771 — Ex Pennant, Brit. 

 ZooL, Birds, 11, p. 239, who took his descr. from Edwards, Gleanings, 

 pi. 297, where a bird from Pennsylvania is figm-ed ; Edwards said he 

 also found this bird near London.) 



Anthus ludoviciamis Yarrell, i, p. 589 (in text) ; A. pennsyJvaniciis 

 -ludovicianns, Saunders, p. 142 (in text). 



Distribution. — Scotland. — One St. Kilda (0. Hebrides), Sept., 

 1910 (W. Eagle Clarke, Ann. S.N.H., 1911, p. 52 ; cf. Brit. B., iv, 

 p. 285). The specimen mentioned by Edwards {ut supra), and 

 those recorded by MacGillivray {31 an. Brit. Birds, p. 169). were 

 probably .4. s. liitoralis {cf. Yarrell, i, p. 590). 



Distribution. — Abroad. — Breeds in Arctic zone from north-east 

 Siberia, north Alaska, north Mackenzie, on both sides of Davis 

 Strait south to Great Slave Lake, north Quebec and Newfoundland, 

 and from Aleutian Islands and Prince William Sound, as well as 

 on high mountains south to California and mid-Mexico. Winters 

 from south United States to Guatemala. Has occurred twice on 

 Heligoland. 



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