A HAND-LIST OF BRITISH BIRDS. 3 



Migrations — British Isles. — After nesting our residents are 

 subject to partial and irregular movements — some probably 

 emigrating to Continent. Great numbers arrive east coast Great 

 Britain between mid-Sept, and mid-Nov. from central Europe and 

 Scandinavia, and return between February and April. Winter- 

 movements also noted in Hebrides ; in Ireland apparently a cross- 

 channel movement autumn and spring. 



Distribution. — Abroad. — Europe generally from Finland and 

 60° north in Sweden, but rare or absent in south Europe. 

 Represented by allied forms in parts of west and east Asia. 



COLCEUS MONEDULA 



5. Coloeus monedula spermologus (Vieill.)*— THE JACKDAW. 



CoRVus SPERMOLOGUS Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., viii, p. 40 



(1817 — Typical locality : south of France). 



Corvus monedula Linngeus, Yarrell, 11, p. 305 ; Saunders, p. 239. 



Distribution. — British Isles. — Resident. Common except north- 

 west Scotland, where scarce, O. Hebrides, where appears on 

 migration and has recentty nested, and Shetlands, where only 

 rather rare visitor, although now abundant Orkneys. Does not 

 breed western isles of Ireland. 



Migrations. — British Isles. — Some of our residents appear to 

 depart autumn and return spring. Numbers arrive east coast 

 Great Britain Sept. and Oct., and depart Feb. or March. Arrivals 

 have been noted April and Oct. Fair Isle. 



Distribution. — Abroad. — West and central Europe, also parts of 

 south Europe, but exact limits not yet ascertained. Replaced by 

 closely-allied forms in Scandinavia, east Europe, parts of north and 

 west Asia, and Algeria. 



PICA PICA 



6. Pica pica pica (L.)— THE MAGPIE. 



Corvus Pica Linnseus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, i, p. 106 (1758 — Europe. 



Restricted typical locality : Sweden). 



Pica rustica (Scopoli), Yarrell, 11, p. 312 ; Saunders, p. 237. 



Distribution. — England and Wales. — Resident. Generally dis- 

 tributed, but much diminished in numbers in some parts by game- 

 preserving and probably now exterminated East Anglia. Some 

 evidence of migration on east coast England. Scotland. — Resident. 



* The Scandinavian Jackdaw, Colcciis monedula monedida {Li), is possibly 

 an immigrant to the east coast of Great Britain in autumn, but none of tlie. 

 specimens of migrants which we have so far examined have been of this fornix 



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