INTRODUCTION. IX 



Example : Rana esculenta mannoraia Hallowell, but not Rana 

 esculenta [marmorata) or Rana mannorata Hallowell. 



" Article 19. — The original orthography of a name is to be 

 preserved, unless an error of transcription, a lapsus calami, 

 or a typographical error is evident. 



" Article 25. — ^he valid name of a genus or species can 

 be only that name under AA'hich it was first designated in the 

 condition : 



{a) That this name was published and accompanied by 

 an indication, or a definition, or a description ; and 



{b) That the author has applied the principles of binary 

 nomenclature. 



" Article 26. — The 10th edition of Linne's " Sj^stema 

 Naturae," 1758, is the work which inaugurated the consistent 

 general application of the binary nomenclature in zoology. 

 The date 1758, therefore, is accepted as the starting-point of 

 zoological nomenclature and of the Law of Priority. 



" Article 27. — The Law of Priority obtains and conse- 

 quently the oldest available name is retained : 



(a) When any part of an animal is named before the animal 

 itself ; 



(b) When the larva is named before the adult ; 



(c) When the two sexes of an animal have been considered 

 as distinct species or even as belonging to a distinct 

 genera ; 



{d) When an animal represents a regular succession of 

 dissimilar generations which have been considered as 

 belonging to different species or even to different 

 genera. 



" Article 32. — A generic or a specific name, once iDublished, 

 cannot be rejected even by its author, because of ina23pro- 

 priateness. Examples : Names like Polyodon, Apus, albus, 

 etc., when once published, are not to be rejected because of 

 a claim that they indicate characters contradictory to those 

 possessed by the animals in question. 



" Article 33. — A name is not to be rejected because of 

 tautonymy, that is, because the specific or the specific and 

 subspecific names are identical with the generic name. Ex- 

 amples : Trutta trutta, Apus apus apus." 



As the use of trinomials for subspecies — or, better, geographical 

 or local races — does not seem to be generally understood, it may 

 here be explained that when a species is divided into two or more- 

 races, or when two or more species are grouped as races of one- 



