A HAND-LIST OF BRITISH BIRDS. 75 



to Cornwall and is probably somewhat like that of Fieldfare, but 

 is not well recorded, and it seems uncertain if Ireland is reached. 

 Emigrations along whole south coast England noted in Oct. and 

 Nov. Winter " weather-movements " sometimes occur. From mid- 

 Feb. to early April a return immigration is noted on south coast 

 England, but records from elsewhere are insufficient to enable the 

 migrations to be traced. 



Distribution. — Abroad. — North and central and mountains of 

 south Europe, east to Ural and west Siberia. Winters in Mediter- 

 ranean countries. Replaced in north-west Africa and central Asia, 

 and perhaps west Mediterranean isles, by allied forms. 



TURDUS PHILOMELUS* 



157. Turdus philomelus philomelus Brehm — THE CON- 

 TINENTAL SONG-THRUSH. 



Turdus philomelos Brehm, Handb. Xaturg. Vog. Deutschl., p. 382 (1831 



— Middle Germany). 



Turdus musicus (non Linnseus, 1758 !), Yarrell, i, p. 264 (part) ; Saunders, 



p. 3 (part). 



Turdus philomelos, Hartert, Brit. B., iv, p. 131. 



Distribution. — Great Britain. — Migrant, having been identified 

 from late Sept. to early Nov. on coasts of Yorks., Lines., Norfolk 

 and Suffolk, and Isle of May (Forth), in April at Dorset Light, 

 and in April as well as autumn at St. Catherine's Light (Isle of 

 Wight), also on night of March 30-31 at Mull of Galloway Light 

 (Miss A. C. Jackson in litt.). Little so far recorded of this form 

 from identified examples (c/. Brit. B., iv, pp. 246, 291), but there 

 cannot be much doubt that it arrives annually with the first Red- 

 wings from late Sept. throughout Oct., followed by stragglers to mid- 

 No v. on east coast from extreme south of Shetlands to Norfolk. 

 Many afterwards appear to proceed along coasts to winter- quarters 

 in Ireland and the Continent, others remain as winter-residents, 

 sometimes performing further migratory journeys along same routes 

 as their forerumiers, w^hen compelled by unfavourable weather con- 

 ditions. In spring this form occurs with T. p. clarkei amongst 

 returning migrants on south coast in late March and during April, 

 and appears to continue up east coast, and finally depart by route 

 followed in autumn. 



Distribution. — Abroad. — Europe generally, w^est Siberia to Lake 

 Baikal, but absent from south Spain, south Italy, and Greece. 

 Wintering in south Europe and north Africa. 



* Generally called Turdus musicus, but Linnanis described, in 1758, 

 under this name the Redwing ! His diagnosis ' ' alis subtus ferrugineis, 

 linea superciliari albicante " leaves no doubt. The next oldest name for the 

 Song-Thrush is T. philomelos Brehm, 1831.— E.H. 



