76 A HAND -LIST OF BRITISH BIRDS. 



158. Turdus philomelus clarkei Hart.— THE BRITISH 

 SONG-THRUSH. 



Turdus philomelos clarkei Hartert, Bull. B.O.C., xxiii, p. 54 (1909 — 



Great Britain) ; id., Brit. B., iv, p. 131. 



Turdus mnsicus Linnseus, Yarrell, i, p. 264 (part) ; Saiinders, p. 3 (part). 



Distribution. — British Isles. — Resident. Generally distributed, 

 but rare in Shetlands. 



Migrations. — British Isles. — In late July and throughout August 

 many, especially breeders in elevated districts, pass south gradually 

 along all coasts. In Sept. and Oct. emigration more pronounced, 

 and " rushes " occur in late Oct. Later on emigratory movements 

 dependent on weather also occur. In Sept. and Oct. also a certain 

 proportion of Irish birds emigrate. Many British Song-Thrushes 

 winter in Ireland as well as further south. The return migration 

 begins on south coasts England and Ireland during Feb., and lasts 

 throughout March, and into April. Irish ^^inter-residents return 

 about late March. 



DiSTRiBrTiON. — Abroad. — According to a note by Baron R. 

 Snouckaert van Schauburs. the British form also inhabits Holland 

 {Orn. Monatsher., 1910, p.l58; c/. Brit. B., \, p. 223). 



TURDUS MUSICUS* 



159. Turdus musicus L.— THE REDWING. 



Turdus musicus Linna?us, Syst. Xat., ed. x, i, p. 169 (1758 — Europe. 



Restricted typical locality : Sweden). 



Turdus iJiacus Linnseus, Syst. Xat., ed. xii, i, p. 292 (1766 — non Linnseus 



1758 ! The latter is a hopeless mixture, while the name musicus is 



unassailable. ) 



Turdus iliacus Linnseus, Yarrell, i, p. 268 ; Saunders, p. 5. 



Turdus musicus, Hartert, Brit. B., iv, p. 130. 



Distribution. — British Isles. — Winter-\4sitor (mid-Aug. to April 

 and May). Generally distributed. 



Migrations. — British Isles. — Similar to those of the Fieldfare. 



Distribution. — Abroad. — Breeding in north Europe and north 

 Asia, including Iceland, south in Europe to north-east corner of 

 East Prussia, wintering in south Europe and north-west Africa, 

 Persia, and north-west India. 



* As stated under T. philomelus, the name musicus, as first published, 

 refers to the Redwing, and was only afterwards transferred to the Song-Thrush. 

 The name iliacus was, in the first instance, an inextricable mixture of Song- 

 Thrush, Redwing, and Mistle-Thrush, and could not be employed for the 

 Redwing for this reason, as well as because the latter was already called 

 musicus. — E .H. 



