78 A HAND-LLST OF BRITLSH BIRDS. 



DiSTREBUTioy. — England and Wahs. — Summer-resident Hate March 

 and April to Sept. and Oct. j. occasionally staying throughout winter. 

 Nests recrularly in hilly districts of Cornwall. Devon and Somerset, 

 Wales and Welsh border,, in Pennine backbone and spurs from north 

 Staffs., Derby., and east Cheshire northwards to Che\'iots, and on 

 moors of north-east Yorks. A few breed Isle of Man. Said to have 

 nested exceptionally in Hants., Kent, Suffolk, Norfolk, Warwick, 

 and other counties. Has \'isited most counties on migration. 

 Scotland. — On mainland generally distributed in summer foccasion- 

 allv sta\-in^ winter i ; breeds in higher districts and in some localities 

 do'WTi to sea-level, but most common from 1,000 to 1,60^J feet, and 

 seldom nests above 2,0^/J feet. Rarely breeds Orkneys, but occurs 

 sprincr and autumn, as in Shetlands. where does not breed. Nests 

 in most I. Hebrides, but only sporadically Skye. and not Tiree ; 

 in 0. Hebrides a ver>- rare \'isitor. Irdo/nd. — Tliinly distributed 

 summer-resident in wilder mountain-districts of each province, and 

 occasionally near sea-level. Occasionally remains winter. 



MiGEATio>'.s. — British IsU^. — British breeding-birds probably reach 

 summer-quarters by a westerly route, fi.rrWin(i in extreme south- 

 west Ent/land. Passage-migrants omjr in .-rnal] numbers from rriid- 

 April to mid-May east of line from I.-Je oi Wight to \\'ash. Occurs 

 in most counties on auturnn-passage, but the route down east coast 

 is ver\' well marked, and ^^robably includes both T^Jritivh-bred birds 

 and passage-migrants. Also indications of a v.^ ' .~t route in 

 autumn. 



Di-STRiErTioy. — Abr^xxd. — ^Scandina\'ia; migrating through Europe 

 and winterincf in M^r^literranean countries. Replaced by allied 

 forrnii in mountain-systems of central and south 'Euroj^f:. and 

 Caucasas, east to north Persia and Transcaspia. 



m 



163. Turdus torquatu5 alpestris (Brehrn) — THE ALPINE 

 RING-OUZEL. 



Mekula alfe-Stbi.s Brfrhrn, I-ah ]H2H, p. 1,281 (nomen nudum !) ; id., 

 Handb. Naturg. Vog. D^-ut^xhl., p. 377 (1831— Tirol). 



IhSTRiBrTioy. — Ewfl/ind. — One or more. Male, Guestlinjr (Sussex), 

 May 23, 1911 (M. J. Xicoll, Brit. B., v, p. 72^. One said to have f>f.'en 

 of thii» form obtained in York,s. earlv in 1893, and another in Norfolk 

 8ex;t. 18, 1894 (Zoo/., 1895, pp. 56, 99). 



I>LSTBrBUTio>'. — AhrfMid. — Hrfiedn in mountainK of central and 80uth 

 Eurof^e, from Pyrenees to A\\fH, higher mountain-ranges of Bouth 

 Germany, ea.st to hix\k&nH and Carfjathianii. On pnHHUuj; obtained 

 in A-sia Slinor, where it jK^ssibly breeds. 



