A HAXD-LIST OF BRITISH BIRDS. 79 



TURDUS MERULA 



164. Turdus merula merula L.— THE BLACKBIRD. 



TuKDUs Merula LiimaHis, Syst. Nat., ed. x. i, p. 170 (175S — Europe. 



Restricted t\-pieal locality : Sweden). 



Ttirdu^f mtrula Limianis, Yarrell. i, p. 2S0 : Saimders, p. 13. 



DiSTRiBUTioy. — British Ishs. — Resident. Generally distributed, 

 but in 0. Hebrides and Slietlands a scarce and local breeder, though 

 more common in Orkneys and I. Hebrides, and much more common 

 in all these islands as winter-visitor. In Ireland has extended 

 breeding-range to extreme ^Yest of mainland, and to Achill Island 

 and Aran Isles. 



MiORATioxs. — British I-sks. — Many home-bred birds migi-ate in 

 autumn and return in spring, especially in north Scotland and 

 exposed places elsewhere. A large autumn date Oct. and Xov.) 

 immigration in northern isles and do^^Tl both sides of Great Britain, 

 as well as in Ireland. Some of these immigrants pass on and leave 

 the country, others stay winter. A reverse movement in spring 

 (late Feb. to early April). 



PiSTRiBi'Tiox. — Abroad. — The whole of Europe, except Spain, 

 where replaced — as in north-west Afi-ica. the Atlantic islands, south- 

 east Europe to Pei*sia. S\"i*ia. Turkestan to Mongoha, Himalayas 

 and China — bv more or less closelv-allied forms. 



MONTICOLA SAXATILIS 



165. Monticola saxatilis (L.)— THE ROCK-THRUSH. 



TrRDrs SAXATILIS Liiinsieus, Syst. Xat.. ed. xii, i. p. 294 (1766 — "Habitat 



in HelvetiaN Austrise, Borussiae niontibus." Restricted typical locality : 



Switzerland). 



Monticofa sojtatitis (Linnseus), YarreU, i, p. 292 : Saunders, p. 17. 



PiSTRiBUTiON. — Grtaf Britain. — Five or more. One Therfield 

 (Herts. ^ May 19. 184^^ ^Saunders, p. 17^. Male obtained and another 

 seen Pent la lid Skerries Lidit ^Orkne\->?^ May 17. 1910 .W. E. Clarke, 

 Atiti. Scot. Xat. //is/.. 1010. p. 14S. 'UUl, "p. 13o : cf. Brit. B.. i\\ 

 p. 117. V. p. 'JlXX^ Male and female ^voune^ Pett (Suss^ex^ Sept. 1 

 and 2. 1911 ^H. W. Ford-Lindsay. Brit. B., v. p. 130 . [One said 

 to have Ihhmi seen near Whitby ^^Yorks.^ June. 1S52. and another 

 said to have Ixx'u shot at Co bham (Kent).] 



DisTKiBiTiox. — Abri.xjd. — Xortli-west Africa, south and middle 

 Euro^H\ east to south Silx^ria and north China, wintering in tropical 

 Africa, north India and China. 



