A HAND-LIST OF BRITISH BIRDS. 93 



and in Shetlands, where not yet recorded ; in O. Hebrides breeds 

 in Harris, Lewis, and Barra. 



194. Cinclus cinclus hibernicus Hart. — THE IRISH DIPPER. 



CiNCLUS CINCLUS HIBERNICUS Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, i, p. 790 (1910 — 

 CO. Cork, Ireland). 



Cinclus aquaticus Bechstein, Yarrell, i, p. 241 (part) ; Saunders, p. 97 

 (part) ; C. c. hibernicus, Hartert, Brit. B., iv, p. 136. 



Distribution. — Confined to Ireland, w^here it is resident and 

 generally distributed in suitable localities. 



CHELIDON RUSTICA* 



195. Chelidon rustica rustica (L.)— THE SWALLOW. 



HiRUNDO RUSTICA Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, i, p. 191 (1758 — Europe. 



Restricted typical locality : Sweden). 



Hirundo rustica Linnaeus, Yarrell, 11, p. 340; Saunders, p. 163. 



Distribution. — British Isles. — Summer-resident (mid-March to 

 mid-Oct., individuals often in Nov., sometimes Dec, and occasion- 

 ally throughout winter). Generally distributed, but breeds rarely 

 in extreme west of Ireland, north-west of Scotland and Orkneys, and 

 very rarely Shetlands and 0. Hebrides (Barra, 1896, and probably 

 on occasions in Uists and Lewis). 



Migrations. — British Isles. — Passage-migration lasts from late 

 April till (sometimes) mid-June, with maximum about mid-May. 

 These passage-migrants form bulk of later south coast immigrants. 

 Northward movement almost entirely confined to east coast and 

 North Sea is crossed before northern limit of mainland is reached, 

 very few indeed passing through Orkneys and Shetlands. Small 

 numbers pass north up east coast of Ireland and west coast of 

 England and Wales, going through the Hebrides during first three 

 weeks of May, probably to Faeroes and Iceland, and possibly northern 

 Europe. Autumn passage-migration lasts from mid-Sept, to mid- 

 Oct. Pronounced on east coast of mainland, but little noticed 

 elsewhere. On arrival birds mingle with our own, and movements 

 cannot be separated. Departures all take place from south coast, 

 and probably passage-migrants form bulk of later departing birds. 



Distribution. — Abroad. — Europe, north-west Africa and western 

 parts of Asia. Wintering in tropical and south Africa, India and 

 its islands. Replaced by allied forms in Syria ( ? Asia Minor), Egypt, 

 north Asia to Japan, and North America, all being migrants, winter- 

 ing far south. 



* Chelidon Forster, 1817, was used for the Swallows and not for the 

 Martins ! Forster separated our three genera for the first time, naming the 

 Swallows Chelidon, the Martins Hirundo, the Sand-Martins Riparia, and this 

 must be accepted (c/. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, i, pp. 799, 800 ; also Brit. B., 

 IV, pp. 136, 230, 259).— E.H. 



