146 A HAND-LIST OF BRITISH BIRDS. 



uncommon O. Hebrides. Rare visitor Ireland. Very rare vagrant 

 inland waters. Said to have nested Scotland, but no proof. 

 Some individuals stay throughout summer. 



Distribution. — Abroad. — North Palaearctic region, eastwards to 

 west Siberia, in winter south to shores of temperate Europe, Medi- 

 terranean and north African coasts, Black and Caspian Seas. 

 Accidental in Greenland. Replaced by allied races in east Siberia 

 and North America. 



OIDEMIA PERSPICILLATA 



311. Oidemia perspicillata (L.)— THE SURF-SCOTER. 



Anas perspicillata Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, i, p. 125 (1758 — Canada). 

 (Edemia perspicillata (Linnaeus), Yarrell, iv, p. 481 ; Saunders, p. 469. 



Distribution. — British Isles. — Rare vagrant. Most frequent 

 Orkneys, where occasional examples, usuall}^ young, not infrequently 

 seen and six recorded obtained. Several recorded seen elsewhere 

 and following obtained : O. Hebrides (one). Firth of Forth (one or 

 two), Cumberland (one), Lanes, (one), Scilly Isles (two), Cornwall 

 (two), Devon (three), Dorset (two). Six Ireland. 



Distribution. — Abroad. — Breeds in northern North America ; 

 non-breeding birds in summer on coast of Lower California, in Green- 

 land and on northern coasts of United States ; in winter south to 

 Lower California, Carolina, Florida. Casual in Bermudas and 

 Jamaica. Also (apparenth^ breeding) on shores of Bering Sea, and 

 (according to Palmen) in extreme north-east of Siberia. A number 

 of occurrences on record from Lajiland, Finland, Scandinavia, 

 Heligoland, Belgium, France. 



MERGUS MERGANSER 



312. Mergus merganser merganser L. — THE GOOSANDER. 



Mergus Mergaxser LinnaeiLs, Syst. Xat., ed. x, i, p. 129 (1758 — Europe. 



Restricted typical locality : Sweden). 



Mergus merganser Linnaeus, Yarrell, iv, p. 488 ; Saunders, p. 471. 



Distribution. — British Isles. — Resident and winter- visitor. Breeds 

 Sutherland, Ross, Moray area, Taj^ area, and parts Argyll. Else- 

 where \\inter-\dsitor to estuaries and inland waters, but rare Orkneys 

 and Shetlands ; very rare O. Hebrides, and somewhat irregular 

 and uncommon south England, Wales and Ireland. 



Distribution. — Abroad. — From Iceland and north Europe (south 

 to Switzerland and Germany) to Kamtschatka. In winter south to 

 Mediterranean, Japan and China. Replaced by allied forms in 

 North America, and central Asia, the latter race wintering in 

 India. 



