172 A HAND-LIST OF BRITISH BIRDS. 



instances out of British Isles^ however, seem to be two captures in 

 Ital}^ and Malta. 



MACHETES PUGNAX 



370. Machetes pugnax (L.)— THE RUFF. 



Trinoa I'uGXAX Linuanis, Syst. Xat., eel. x, i, p. 148 (1758 — Europe. 



Restricted typical locality : South Sweden). 



Machetes pugnax (Linnteus), Yarrell, iii, p. 426 ; Saunders, p. 599. 



Distribution. — British Isles. — Passage-migrant and occasional 

 winter and summer. Formerly bred many places England but only 

 occasionally now. A pair nested 1901, 1902, and 1903 near Tees- 

 mouth (Durham) ; in Norfolk Broads, 1907 (and possibty other years 

 recently) ; eggs said to have been taken Lanes., 1910 (c/. Brit. B., 

 I. p. 65, II, 2^. 268, IV, p. 222). Otherwise chiefly passage-migrant 

 much more frequent autumn than spring, and on east side Great 

 Britain than west, where, as in Hebrides and Ireland, decidedly 

 scarce, even autumn, and verj^ rare spring. 



Distribution. — Abroad. — Breeds in Europe and north-west Asia, 

 to Taimyr Peninsula and Dauria, from highest north to Danube and 

 south Russian steppes. Winters in Africa, north India, and Burmah. 

 Wanders occasionally to America, from Ontario and Greenland south 

 to Indiana, North Carolina, Barbados, and even northern South 

 America. 



CANUTUS CANUTUS* 



371. Canutus canutus (L.)— THE KNOT. 



Trixga Canutus Linnaeus, Syst. Xat., ed. x, i, p. 149 (1758 — Europe. 



Restricted typical locality : Sweden). 



Tringa canutus Linngeus, Yarrell, iii, p. 413 ; Saunders, p. 595. 



Distribution. — British Isles. — Winter-\dsitor (Aug.-May and occa- 

 sionally later) and passage-migrant. Most abundant east coasts 

 Great Britain, common south and west coasts England and in Solway, 

 but north of Clyde, as in Hebrides, and apparently Orkneys and 

 Shetlands scarce. Common east and north coasts Ireland, but 

 scarce elsewhere. Occasional inland. Extensive autumn and 

 spring passage-movements of birds wintering further south, and in 

 severe weather many of our winter-visitors pass south. 



Distribution. — Abroad. — Breeds in Arctic regions (Taimyr Penin- 

 sula in Siberia, perhaps Iceland, Greenland, Ellesmere Land to 

 Melville Peninsula, Point Barrow in Alaska), migrates south as far 

 as south Africa, India, Australia, and New Zealand, North and South 

 America to Patagonia. 



* It seems reasonable to separate the Knot generically, and in that case 

 Canutus is the oldest generic name. — E.H. 



