A HAND-LIST OF BRITISH BIRDS. 193 



Distribution. — England. — Very rare vagrant. About nineteen 

 obtained and others seen : Northumberland, Yorks., Lines., Suffolk, 

 Hants, (one each), Notts, (two), Dorset (four), Norfolk (nine got and 

 others seen, the last July, 1901, July, 1902, and Aug., 1910). Records 

 from Kent are doubtful. 



Distribution. — Abroad. — Locally on coasts of Europe from about 

 60^ north lat. southwards (Baltic, Sylt, Mediterranean, Black and 

 Caspian Seas) ; throughout Asia east to China, throughout Malaysia 

 to Australia and New Zealand ; many parts of Africa, chiefly in 

 winter ; also North America, wintering on south Atlantic and Gulf 

 coasts. Northern birds are migratory. 



STERNA SANDVICENSIS* 



417. Sterna sandvicensis sandvicensis Lath. — THE SAND- 

 WICH TERN. 



Sterna sandvicensis Latham, Gen. Syn., SuppL, i, p. 296 (1787 — 



Kent, etc.). 



Sterna cantiaca Gmelin, Yarrell, iii, p. 540 ; Saunders, p. 643. 



Distribution. — British Isles. — Summer-resident (end March to 

 Sept.). As a passage-migrant occurs many parts of British coast 

 and occasionally inland. England. — Large breeding colonies Fame 

 Isles (Northumberland) and Ravenglass (Cumberland), was not 

 breeding Walney Island (Lanes.), 1901. Onh^ occasionally breeds 

 Kent; Scilly Isles and Norfolk (1893), and has ceased Essex. Scotland. 

 - — Breeds Kirkcudbright and sporadically on east coast, also breeds 

 Sanday (Orkneys). f Ireland. — Several colonies on loughs in Mayo, 

 one in Fermanagh, and occasionally on islands off Down and in 

 Donegal. 



Distribution. — Abroad. — " Atlantic and North Sea coasts from the 

 Orkneys southward to the Mediterranean, the Black Sea and the 

 Caspian (breeding) ; in winter along the Avest coast of Africa to the 

 Cape of Good Hope and up to Natal, do^xn the Red Sea and across 

 Mesopotamia to the Persian Gulf, Mekran coast and Karachi " 

 (Saunders). Represented by Steriui sandvicensis acuflavida in North 

 America, from Carolina to Mexico, and British Honduras, wintering 

 in Florida, Louisiana, Central America, West Indies, and South 

 America. 



* Saunders, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., xxv, p. 75, says that Latham's name is a 

 " nomen nudimi," but this is by no means the case, being based on the 

 " Sandwich Tern" of his General Synopsis, iii, ii, p. 356, and SuppL, i, p. 266, 

 \vliere the bird is described at length, and therefore his name must be used. 

 — E.H. 



t The Rev. J. R. Hale informs us that it l)reeds on Sanday, and not 

 Xorth Ronaldshay, as stated in Saunders's Manual. 



