202 A HAND-LIST OF BRITISH BIRDS. 



LARUS MARINUS 



434. Larus marinus L.— THE GREAT BLACK-BACKED 



GULL. 



Larus marinus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, i, p. 136 (1758 — Europe. 



Restricted typical locality : Gotland). 



Larus marinus Linnaeus, Yarrell, iii, p. 631 ; Saunders, p. 677. 



Distribution. — British Isles. — Resident. Breeds sparsely coasts 

 of Dorset, Cornwall, Scilly Isles, Lundy Isle, Wales (coasts and islets 

 in lakes), Lake District and Clyde Area, and commonly northwards 

 and Scottish isles both sea-cliffs and inland. Does not breed from 

 Forth southwards on east side. In Ireland increasing, and breeds 

 rocky coasts and islands, especially west, and a few inland loughs 

 north and west. In winter more widely distributed on all coasts. 



Distribution. — Abroad. — " Northern Europe, from the Lower Pet- 

 chora westward to Iceland, and down to about 50° north (breeding) ; 

 in winter to the Canaries and Azores, and along the Mediterranean 

 (rarely) to the Egyptian coast ; also on inland waters. Greenland, 

 and also the east coast and the great lakes of North America to 

 Labrador (breeding) ; in winter (casually) to Florida, and accident- 

 ally in Bermuda " (Saunders). 



LARUS GLAUCUS* 



435. Larus glaucus Briinn.— THE GLAUCOUS GULL. 



Larus glaucus Briinnich, Orn. Bor., p. 44 (1764 — Iceland). 

 Larus glaucus O. Fabricius, Yarrell, in, p. 636 ; Saunders, p. 679. 



Distribution. — British Isles. — Winter-visitor, exceptional summer. 

 Most frequent and occasionally abundant east coast Great Britain 

 from Shetlands to Norfolk. Frequent north and west Ireland. 

 Elsewhere rare and occasional, although apparently regular 

 0. Hebrides. Adults very rare in south and west. 



Distribution. — Abroad. — Breeds in circumpolar region, and ranges 

 in winter to Mediterranean, Black and Caspian Seas, Japan, Cali- 

 fornia, Bermudas, North Carolina, Texas, and Florida. 



LARUS LEUCOPTERUS 



436. Larus leucopterus Faber— THE ICELAND GULL. 



Larus leucopterus Faber, Prodromus Island. Om., p. 91 (1822 — 



Iceland). 



Larus leucopterus Faber, Yarrell, ni, p. 642 ; Saunders, p. 681. 



Distribution. — British Isles. — Winter- visit or, sometimes until April 

 and May. Much same as Glaucous but decidedly scarcer. Many 

 Cornwall and Devon winters 1872-3 and 1874-5. 



* Briinnich named the species sixteen years before Fabricius. — E.H. 



