A HAND-LIST OF BRITISH BIRDS. 215 



Distribution. — British Isles. — Resident. Generally distributed 

 and locally very numerous. In severe weather moves to tidal waters 

 and southwards. 



Distribution. — Abroad. — Greater part of Europe and Asia and 

 north Africa, on passage in Atlantic isles. Replaced by closely- 

 allied forms in Australia, Tasmania, and possibly east Asia. 



[Note. — Three examples of the Andalucian Hemipode, Turnix sylvaiica 

 sylvatica (Desf . ), no doubt escaped from captivity, have been recorded as having 

 been captured in England (Yarrell, iii, p. 131 ; Saunders, p. 506).] 



TETRAO UROGALLUS 



462. Tetrao urogallus urogallus L.— THE CAPERCAILLIE. 



Tetrao Urogallus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, i, p. 159 (1758 — Europe. 



Restricted typical locality : Sweden). 



Tetrao urogallus Linnaeus, Yarrell, iii, p. 45 ; Saunders, p. 491. 



Distribution. — Scotland. — Resident. Became extinct Scotland 

 and Ireland about 1760, and England perhaps a century previously. 

 Reintroduced from Sweden into Perthshire 1837, and subsequently 

 in many places. Now spread over Taj^ area and north into Aberdeen, 

 Elgin, and Inverness, west into Argyll, south into Stirling, Dum- 

 barton and Lanark, and sporadically Mid and East Lothians, Ayr, 

 Renfrew, Wigtown, Dumfries, and other southern counties. 



Distribution. — Abroad. — ^Forests of Europe generally from Scan- 

 dinavia to Pyrenees and Cantabrian Mountains, Alps, and Car- 

 pathians and Balkans. Represented by allied forms from Ural 

 Mountains eastwards. 



LYRURUS TETRIX* ^_^^^ ^.^^ex^l BRITISH 



463. Lyrurus tetrlx' ^tctfi x (L.) — THE^BLACK GROUSE. 



Tetrao Tetrix Linnseus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, i, p. 159 (1758 — Europe. 



Restricted typical locality : Sweden). f?A,rt 



Tetrao tetrix Linnseus, Yarrell, in, p. 60 ; Samiders, p. 493. 



Distribution. — Great Britain. — Resident. Almost extinct Corn- 

 wall, scarce south Devon, more plentiful north Devon and Somerset, 

 some Dorset and Wilts, (extinct in Hants., Kent, Surrey and Sussex), 

 locally many parts Wales, English border counties and north mid- 

 lands, and more numerous (but still local) in all English counties 

 north of Derby. Generally distributed mainland Scotland and some 

 I. Hebrides, but not O. Hebrides, Orkneys or Shetlands. Has been 

 introduced many parts (e.g. Sussex, Surrey, Berks., Bucks., Norfolk, 

 Suffolk, Orkneys, N. Wales, Ireland), but generally unsuccessfully. 



* The genus Lyrurus appears to be better separable than many others 

 which are generally recognized. — E.H. 



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