30 BULLETIN 214, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



Jordan and Gilbert, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 16, p. 938, 1882; and by Swain, 

 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 274, 1882). 



Calliodon Walbaum, in Petri Artedi, Bibliotheca ichthyologica . . . , ed. 2, vol. 3, 

 p. 649, 1792; Bloch and Schneider, Systema ichthyologia , . . , p. 312, 1801 

 (genotype designated as Calliodon lineatus Bloch and Schneider by Jordan 

 and Gilbert, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 16, p. 606, 1882; Calliodon lineatus Bloch 

 and Schneider «= Scares croicensis Bloch. 



Callyodon (Gronow) Scopoli, Introductio ad historiam naturalem . . . , p. 449, 

 1777; Gray, Catalogue of fish collected and described by L. T. Gronow, 

 p. 83, 1854 (genotype designated by Jordan and Evermann, U. S. Nat. Mus. 

 Bull. 47, vol. 2, p. 1642, 1898, as Callyodon lineatus Bloch and Schneider. 



Petronason Swainson, Natural history and classification of fishes . . . , vol. 2, 

 p. 226, 1839 (genotype designated as Scarus psittacus Ruppell, pi. 20, fig. 1, 

 by Swain, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 274, 1882. Scarus psittacus 

 Ruppell=Scarus psittacus ForskM). 



Erychthys Swainson, Natural history and classification of fishes . . . , vol. 2, p. 226, 

 1839 (genotype designated as Scarus croicensis Bloch, pi. 221, by Swain, 

 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 274, 1882). 



Hemistoma Swainson, Natural history and classification of fishes . . . , vol. 2, 

 p. 226, 1839 (genotype designated as Scarus reticulata Swainson=iScarMs 

 pepo Bennett "=/S. ghobban Forskal by Swain, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila- 

 delphia, p. 274, 1882; Jordan and Gilbert, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 16, p. 606, 

 1882, also designated S. pepo Bennett as genotype. 



Pseudoscarus Bleeker, Versl. Akad. Amsterdam, vol. 12, p. 230, 1861 (genotype: 

 Scarus microrhinos Bleeker). 



Loro Jordan and Evermann, Rep. U. S. Comm. Fish. 1895, app. 5, p. 418, 1896 

 (genotype: Scarus guacamaia (not of Parra) Cuvier). 



Xanothon J. L. B. Smith, Rhodes Univ. Ichthy. Bull. No. 1, p. 4, 1956 (type 

 species, Xanothon bipallidus Smith). 



Margaritodon J. L. B. Smith, Rhodes Univ. Ichthy. Bull. No. 1, p. 15, 1956 (type 

 species; Callyodon verweyi Weber and de Beaufort). 



Hipposcarus, J. L. B. Smith, Rhodes Univ. Ichthy. Bull. No. 1, p. 17, 1956 (type 

 species: Scarus harid Forsk§,l). 



The genus Scarus, with Scarus jpsiUacus Forsk&l as the genotype is 

 characterized as follows: The two upper pharyngeal bones have two 

 rows of teeth on each, the inner row composed of large teeth and the 

 outer row of rudimentary teeth along the base of the main row; the 

 lower pharyngeal plate has a concave dental surface about 1% times 

 longer than broad; the teeth number 5 in each row, the three inner 

 teeth of each row twice as broad as long; gill rakers on first gill arch 

 vary from 12 to 30+25 to 50, totaling about 39 to 80. 



