REVIEW OF THE PARROTFISHES 13 



frontalis: Scarus frontalis Cuvier and Valenciennes 1839 is unidentifiable. 

 Pseudoscarus frontalis Macleay 1883 is a synonym of Chlorurus gibbus 

 (Ruppell) 1828. 



margaritus: Scarus margaritus Cartier 1874 is a synonym of Scarus sordidus 

 Forsk&l 1775. Since Callyodon margarita Fowler 1917 is a synonym 

 of Scarus croicensis Bloch 1790, no new name is needed. 



mutabilis: Scarus mutabilis Lowe 1841 is a synonym of Euscarus cretensis 

 (Linnaeus) 1758. Since Sca7-us mutabilis Gray 1854 is a synonym of 

 Scarus scaber Cuvier and Valenciennes 1839, no new name is needed. 



■psittacus: Callyodon psittacus Gray 1854 is a synonym of Sparisoma viridis 

 (Bonnaterre) 1788. Scarus psittacus ForskM 1775 is a synonym of 

 Scarus harid Forsk&l 1775. Coryphaena psittacus Linnaeus 1758, 

 sometimes used as a scarid name by authors, is a labrid from the 

 Atlantic. 



quoyi: Scarus quoyi Cuvier and Valenciennes 1839 is a synonym (in part) 

 of Scarus forsteri Cuvier and Valenciennes 1839 and (in part) Scarus 

 blochi Cuvier and Valenciennes 1839. Scarus quoyi Bleeker 1853 was 

 renamed Scarus bleekeri (Weber and de Beaufort) 1940. 



rostratus: Scarus rostratus Poey 1860 is a synonym of Scarus coelestinus 

 Cuvier and Valenciennes 1839. Pseudoscarus rostratus Giinther 1909 

 is a synonym of Scarus lunula (Snyder) 1908. Scarus rostratus Seale 

 1909 is a synonym of Scarus sordidus Forsk§l 1775. 



spinidens: Scarus spinidens Quoy and Gaimard 1824 is a valid species in 

 the genus Calotomus. Scarus spinidens Guichenut 1865 is the same as 

 Sparisoma axillaris (Steindachner, 1878). Since this species already 

 has a valid name, a new one is unnecessary. 



viridis: Scarus viridis Bloch 1786 (on pi. 222) is unidentifiable. Scarus 

 viridis Bonnaterre 1788 is valid as Sparisoma viridis (Bonnaterre) 1788. 

 Scarus viridis Bleeker 1862 is a synonym of Scarus blochi Cuvier and 

 Valenciennes 1839. 



Dr. Howard E. Winn (Zoologica, New York Zool. Soc, vol. 40, 

 pt. 3, pp. 145-147, pi. 1, 1955) describes a remarkable observation 

 for parrotjfishes in the vicinity of the Lerner Marine Laboratory, 

 Bimini, British West Indies. After dark, he reports, certain parrot- 

 fishes form a large mucuous envelope that completely surrounds 

 each fish. A small hole is present at the mouth, and another small 

 opening occurs a little behind the caudal fin. These permit a flow of 

 water past the gills. 



Since publishing this interesting discovery, Dr. Winn has submitted 

 parrotfishes to me for identification. Scarus croicensis Bloch, S. 

 punctulatus Cuvier and Valenciennes, and "Pseudoscarus guacamaia" 

 (actually Scarus guacamaia Cuvier) were correctly identified. His 

 identification of another species as Sparisoma pachycephalum Longley 

 is doubtful, as that species was badly confused by Longley and also 

 by Longley and Hildebrand. Their specimens of S. pachycephalum 

 are Sparisoma rubripinnis (Cuvier and Valenciennes) and so are 

 Winn's specimens. His "Scarus brachiale" (op. cit., p. 146) is a syno- 

 nym of Sparisoma chrysopterum (Bloch and Schneider). 



