8 BULLETIN 214, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



EUSCARUS 



(dp; msS) 



SCAROPS 

 (pt l;ms5-7) 



SPARISOMA 

 (dp; ms 4) 



yPSISCARUS 

 (ms 3; p 13; cr 2) 



LEPTOSCARUS 

 (df:ms4) 



HEMISTOMA 

 (ms5-8;cr2-4) 



LEPTOSCARUS-LIKE STOCK 

 (en) 



CALOTOMUS 

 (df) 



SCARUS-LIKE STOCK 

 (pt 2; ms 4-8; p II -15; gn; cr 2-3) 



SCARIDEA 

 (dp) 



CHLORURUS 

 (pt3;gm:ms4-8;p 12-14; cr 3) 



CALOTOMUS-LIKE STOCK 

 (tl;ep:fa) 



CHLORURUS-LIKE STOCK 

 (tu; pt 3; ms 4; p 12-13; en; gm; df; cr 2; fa) 



NICHOLSINA 

 (tl:eo) 



CRyPTOTOMUS 



CRyPTOTOMUS-LIKE LABRID STOCK 

 (to; pt 3; ms 4; p 1 1 ; ef; gf; df; cr I ; ff ) 



Figure 1. — Presumed phylogeny of scarid fishes: 



external teeth oppose those of 

 opposite jaw 



cr 1, cheek scale rows 1 



cr 2-4, cheek scale rows 2 to 4 

 df, dorsal spines flexible 



dp, dorsal spines pungent 



ef, external teeth project obliquely 



forward 



en, 

 ep, 



fa, 



no external imbricate teeth on jav/s 

 external imbricate-like teeth pres- 

 ent 

 gill membranes without free fold 



