REVIEW OF THE PARROTFISHES 59 



in live specimens, these narrow lines on the head are a brilliant 

 blue-green; the caudal fin distally is broadly marked with green. 

 Anterior part of body with numerous small green dots; centers of 

 scales green posteriorly; and dorsal rays of pectoral fin green, re- 

 mainder of fin brownish. 



The female, usually called S. ahula, is plain brownish, with a pale 

 caudal pedimcle and none of the bright blue lines on the head as in 

 the male. 



In the young, represented by S. barborus, the caudal peduncle is 

 not yet pale and the scales are more distinct on the cheek, evidently be- 

 coming more or less embedded in the largest adults. The smallest 

 specimen seen by me measures 25 mm. in standard length and came 

 from Laysan Island. 



The base of the anal fin is dark brown, with the distal half pale or 

 white; the pale caudal pedimcle may have a few green centered scales; 

 and the side of the head may have some green dots. Vernon E. 

 Brock and Yoshio Yamaguchi (Copeia, No. 2, pp. 154-155, 1954), 

 should be credited with the discovery that this species has a sexual 

 dimorphic color pattern. 



In addition to the types studied, I have examined numerous speci- 

 mens in lots from the following localities: Hawaiian Islands, 14 lots; 

 Laysan Island, 11; and Johnston Island, 7. 



Scarus schlegeli (Bleeker) 



Plate 10,d 

 Pseudoscarus schlegeli Bleeker, Versl. Akad. Amsterdam, vol. 12, p. 242, 1861 



(type locality: Celebes); Atlas ichthyologique . . . , vol. 1, p. 48, pi. 12, 



fig. 2, 1862 (Celebes). 

 Scarus cypho Seale, Occ. Pap. Bishop Mus., vol. 1, No. 3, p. 95, 1901 (tj^pe locality: 



Guam) . 

 ? Pseudoscarus collana var. eques Steindachner, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 



71, p. 151, 1907 (type locality: South Arabia). 



This species has been confused with Scarus mutabilis, S. cavdo- 

 fasciatus, and S. zonularis, all of which represent a single species. 

 It is easily distinguished from these by having only 4 median predorsal 

 scales and only 2 rows of scales on the cheek, whereas all others that 

 have been confused with species with vertical dark bars have 5 or 6 

 median predorsal scales and 3 rows of scales on the cheek, except 

 S. venosus Bleeker and S. rhoduropterus Bleeker, but the latter lacks 

 a dark spot at base of upper pectoral rays and the lips are separated 

 by an angle greater than 65 degrees. S. venosus differs in having 5 

 dark vertical bars. S. schlegeli may be recognized by its coloration: 

 A black spot at the base of the upper pectoral fin ray, under soft 

 dorsal fin 2 broad dark bars separated by a light bar, and pale colora- 

 tion anterior to the first dark bar. 



396816—58 5 



