60 BULLETIN 214, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



The lips do not completely cover the grayish teeth, the angle be- 

 tween the lips varying from 30 to 50 degrees; the inner lip joins the 

 outer closer to symphysis than to the corner of the mouth ; usually 1 or 

 2 canines occur at corner of upper jaw and one at corner of lower jaw; 

 distal margin of caudal fin slightly rounded in young to truncate in 

 larger specimens; the outer rays a little elongated in largest specimens. 



In alcohol, the background coloration is light grayish to light 

 brownish, with two pale bars extending from dorsal fin ventrally, 

 separated by a brownish bar; sometimes the anterior pale bar is con- 

 tinuous anteriorly to cover dorsal half of head; dorsal base of pectoral 

 fin with a black spot; both lips with edges dusky, then a pale or 

 whitish band; dorsal to the white (yellowish when alive) band is a 

 dusky streak on snout that extends to corner of mouth, thence to 

 lower front of eye, and under lower edge of eye ; a short band extends 

 posteriorly from dorsal edge of eye, another from behind eye; lower 

 jaw with two dusky crossbands separated by a pale one, then a dusky 

 streak on subopercle; caudal fin with ddsky and pale roundish marks; 

 dorsal and ventral edges of caudal fin with narrow dusky edge; dorsal 

 and anal fins edged with a narrow dusky streak, base and center of 

 these fins with 2 or 3 rows of dusky spots. 



In live specimens the dusky spots, bars, and streaks are green; the 

 general background coloration is porplish red and each scale is marked 

 with a greenish bar; fins pinkish except for the green spots and green 

 or blue streaks along their outer edges; the black basal spot on dorsal 

 edge of pectoral fin is purple; pectoral fin tinted with purplish pink; 

 base of pectoral rays dark greenish; each scale row ventrally with a 

 green streak; sometimes the second green bar on lower jaw extends 

 to the lower edge of the eye; the pale area between the dark purplish 

 red bars below soft dorsal fin is bright yellowish, and a small area in 

 front of the first dark bar is yellow. 



I have studied numerous specimens in lots from the following 

 localities: Marshalls, 6 lots; Philippines, 23; and Ifaluk Atoll, 2. 



Scarus venosus Cuvier and Valenciennes 



Figure 22 



Scarus venosus Cuvier and Valenciennes, Histoire naturelle des poissons, vol. 14, 



p. 212, 1839 (type locality: Bourbon Island; type examined in Mus. Nat. 



Hist. Nat. Paris, Cat. No. 1744, 2 specimens). 

 Pseudoscarus pentazona Bleeker, Versl. Akad. Amsterdam, vol. 12, p. 241, 1861 



(type locality: Celebes; type examined in British Museum, Cat. No. 



1864.5.15.22, standard length 165 mm.); Atlas ichthyologique . . . , vol. 1, 



p. 46, pi. 11, fig. 1, 1862. 

 Xanoihon pentazona J. L. B. Smith, Rhodes Univ. Ichthy. Bull. No. 1, p. 7, pi. 



44,H, 1956 (Seychelles, East Africa to Bazaruto, lat. 21° 30' S.). 



