62 BULLETIN 214, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUTM 



Pseudoscarus forskalii var. fuscopurpureus Klimzinger, Synopsis der Fische des 



rothen Meeres, pt. 2, p. 567, 1871 (type locality: Red Sea; type examined in 



British Museum, Cat. No. 1871.7.15.13, standard length 200 mm.). 

 Scarus brunneus Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish. Comm., vol. 19 (1899), p. 59, fig. 16, 



Aug. 30, 1900 (type locality: Hawaiian Islands; paratype USNM 51067). 

 Pseiidoscarus platodoni Seale, Occ. Pap. Bishop Mus., vol. 1, No. 3, p. 96, Mar. 8, 



1901 (type locality: Agana, Guam; paratype, USNM 154672). 

 Callyodon dubius (not of Bennett) Jordan and Evermann, Bull. U. S. Fish. Comm., 



vol. 23 (1903), pt. 1, pi. 44, 1905 (Hawaiian Islands). 

 Callyodon erythacus Jordan and Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 25 (1905), p. 



318, fig. 58, 1906 (type locality: Apia, Samoa; holotype USNM 51750). 

 Callyodon pyrrkurus Jordan and Seale, Bull.'U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 25 (1905), p. 



314, fig. 55, 1906 (type locahty: Apia and Pago Pago; holotype USNM 



51748; paratypes USNM 51823, 51836, 164634). 

 Callyodon hornbosteli Fowler, Bull. Bishop Mus., vol. 22, p. 16, 1925 (type locality: 



Guam); Mem. Bishop Mus. vol. 10, p. 386, fig. 61, 1928 (Laysan; Guam). 

 Scarus galena E. K. Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 66, art. 33, p. 32, 1925 



(type locality: Hawaiian Islands and Samoa; holotype USNM 87418; para- 

 type USNM 151588). 

 Scarus erythacus (in part) Schultz, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 180, p. 221, 1943 



(Phoenix and Samoan Islands). 

 Xanothon carifanus J. L. B. Smith, Rhodes Univ. Ichthy. Bull. No. 1, p. 6, pi. 



42, D, 1956 (type locality: Shimoni, Kenya). 



S. taeniurus belongs in the group of parrotfishes with 2 rows of 

 scales on its cheek, 4 median scales in front of dorsal origin, and the 

 pectoral rays are usually ii,12, with occasional exceptions. It is 

 characterized by a rounded caudal fin in the young, becoming at 

 most truncate in adults, with the distal margin marked with a fine 

 white line in alcoholic specimens of all sizes and not with a broad 

 dusky margin as in forsteri. The black spot at base of upper pectoral 

 rays is evident at all ages. The edges of both lips are dark in alcohol, 

 not pale; see figure 8 (p. 36). In the brown phase a dark spot 

 sometimes occurs basally between dorsal spines I and II. 



The lips cover or nearly cover the whitish teeth in specimens about 

 100 mm. and shorter, whereas in larger ones, part of the teeth may be 

 exposed; the inner lip joins the outer lip closer to the symphysis than 

 to the corner of mouth; no canines at corner of mouth on small speci- 

 mens but on the larger adults canine teeth occur; caudal fin truncate 

 or slightly rounded in immature specimens, largest adults have a 

 slightly concave caudal, with the distal tips of its upper and lower lobes 

 slightly but not notably projecting; the caudal fin retains its rounded 

 distal margin in specimens as long as or a little longer than 160 mm. 



In alcohol specimens in the gray to brown color phase (standard 

 lengths of 94 to 200 mm.) have the background coloration grayish 

 to reddish brown; centers of scales brownish with light brown centers; 

 dorsal and anal fins grayish to reddish brown, edged distaUy with 

 white line, below which may be a dark line; caudal fin grayish to 



