REVIEW OF THE PARROTFISHES 67 



oedema, which differs by having 3 median predorsal scales. When 

 aHve it was probably blue, green, or reddish in color. 



Scarus rhoduropterus (Bleeker) 



Plate 11,b 



Pseudoscarus rhoduropterus Bleeker, Versl. Akad. Amsterdam, vol. 12, p. 233, 1861; 



Atlas ichthyologique . . . , vol. 1, p. 27, pi. 4, fig. 1, 1862 (type locality: 



Macassar, Celebes; type examined in British Museum, Cat. No. 1864.5.15.29, 



standard length 155 mm.). 

 Xanothon rhoduropterus J. L. B. Smith, Rhodes Univ. Ichthy. Bull. No. 1, p. 6, 



1956 (Seychelles; east coast of Africa from lat. 3° to 10° S.). 



This is one of the species most abundantly collected by the Albatross 

 in the Celebes and Philippine Seas. It has been confused with Scarus 

 sordidus, with which it agrees in having 4 median predorsal scales, 

 2 rows of scales on the cheek and ii,13 pectoral rays, and the lips 

 separated by an angle of 65 to 90 degrees. It differs from sordidus in 

 having 4 or 5 vertical dark bars on the sides. S. sordidus has a pale 

 caudal peduncle with a dark spot near the base of the caudal fin. 

 This mark is entirely lacking in rhoduropterus. When alive, this 

 species is dark reddish or reddish brown with dark purplish brown 

 vertical bars, Scarus sordidus usually has a few pale or white spots 

 on the sides posteriorly, but in rhoduropterus there are no pale spots. 

 The specific identification of many preserved specimens of these two 

 species is highly questionable. 



I have studied numerous specimens in lots from the following local- 

 ities: Philippines and vicinity, 131 lots; Dutch East Indies, 5; Celebes 

 2; Kapingamarangi Atoll 7; and Guam 1. 



Scarus troscheli Bleeker 



Figure 10 



Scarus troscheli Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl.-Indie, vol. 4, p. 498, 1853 (type 

 locality: Batavia, Java; cotype examined in British Museum, Cat. No. 

 1864.5.15.19, standard length 282 mm). 



Pseudoscarus troschelii Bleeker, Atlas ichthyologique . . . , vol. 1, p. 25, pi. 7, 

 fig. 2, 1862. 



This species is characterized by having 4 median predorsal scales, 

 2 rows of scales on the cheek; pectoral rays ii,13 or 14; yellowish 

 teeth; an oblique dusky streak (probably green when alive) across 

 the anal fin, and a distinctive pattern of streaks on the head, as shown 

 in figure 10 (p. 38) especially the streak from corner of mouth below 

 eye thence downward across cheek to opposite upper edge of pectoral 

 fin base. 



In addition to the cotype, I have studied a specimen from Sumatra. 



