REVIEW OF THE PARROTFISHES 69 



Pseudoscarus margaritus Cartier, Verb. Phys.-Med. Ges. Wiirzburg, vol. 5, 



p. 105, 1874 (type locality: Cebu). 

 Pseudoscarus aeruginosus (not of Bleeker) Day, Fishes of India, vol. 1, pi. 89, 



fig. 3, 1878 (Andamans; specimen examined in Indian Museum, Calcutta). 

 Pseudoscarus iroschelii var. Uavoguttata Steindachner, Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien., 



vol. 96, pt. 1, p. 63, 1883 (type locality: Kingsmill Islands = Gilbert Islands). 

 Pseudoscarus goldiei Macleay, Proc. Linnean Soc. New South Wales, vol. 7, p. 590, 



1883 (type locality: New Guinea). 

 Callyodon cyanogrammus Jordan and Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 25 (1905), 



p. 330, fig. 63, 1906 (type locality: Apia, Samoa; holotype USNM 51756). 

 Pseudoscarus vitriolinus Bryan, Occ. Pap. Bishop Mus., vol. 2, No. 4, p. 27, 1906 



(type locality: "Honolulu market"). 

 Callyodon rostratus (not of Poey or of Giinther) Seale, Philippine Journ. Sci., vol. 



4, No. 6, p. 524, 1909 (type locality: Mindanao). 

 Callyodon albipunctatus Seale, Philippine Journ. Sci., vol. 4, p. 526, 1909 (type 



locahty: Philippine Islands). 

 Scaridea leucotaeniata Fowler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 96, p. 180, 



fig. 35, 1944 (type locality: New Hebrides; type examined by me). 

 Xanothon margaritus J. L. B. Smith, Rhodes Univ. Ichthy. Bull. No. 1, p. 7, 



pi. 45,a, 1956 (East Africa to lat. 21°30' S.; Aldabra; Seychelles). 

 Xanothon erythrodon J. L. B. Smith, Rhodes Univ. Ichthy. Bull, No. 1. p. 7, 



pi, 45, F, 1956 (western Indian Ocean). 



This species is characterized by having 4 median predorsal scales, 

 2 rows of scales on the cheek; pectoral rays usually ii,13; teeth white 

 in young, becoming green in adult green color phase. The immature 

 are brownish or reddish brown with a pale (pink when alive) caudal 

 area in which is a roundish dark blotch at base of caudal fin ; lips pale 

 (yellowish to pink when alive). In the greenish stage of adult life, 

 it is distinguished by the characteristic green and pinkish streaks or 

 bands around the mouth and the broad green band distally on anal 

 fin and narrow band distally on dorsal, as follows: Blue-green band 

 above pale (pink) edge of upper lip that extends to the eye; the broad 

 green band on lower jaw just behind pale (pink) edge of lower lip 

 extends to eye, joinmg the green band from upper lip at corner of 

 mouth, these green bands more or less fade posterioventrally without 

 a distinct edge. 



The teeth are variable in color, being whitish to olive in young and 

 small adults, becoming greenish in the larger specimens, and dark 

 green m the largest males; the hps are separated by an angle of 65 to 90 

 degrees in adults; the distal edge of the caudal fin is slightly rounded 

 to truncate in small specimens, becoming a little concave in the larger 

 green colored ones; the interorbital space changes from weakly convex 

 in the smaller young to strongly convex in the larger adults. 



From the smallest juvenile to the largest adult, this species passes 

 through three color phases; the youngest are striped, the intermediate 



