REVIEW OF THE PARROTFISHES 115 



The adult is characterized by a brownish color (green when alive) ; 

 a pale or white spot (yellow when alive) at tip of opercle; posterior 

 edge of operculum white (red when alive) ; base of caudal fin with 

 1 to 3 large pale spots (orange or j^ellow when alive) ; deeply forked 

 caudal j&n, with a lunate pale distal edge, submarginally dusky 

 (green when alive) then another lunate white (red when alive) bar 

 occupying central area of caudal fin; anterior nasal tentacle short, 

 with only a few fine cirri on distal tip, not reaching to posterior nasal 

 opening; usually 1 or 2 short canines on dentaFplate of upper jaw 

 near rictus; body deep, depth contained about 2}^ times in standard 

 length, head not as long as depth of body; white band or streak from 

 corner of mouth toward white opercular spot, passing notably below 

 orbit; edge of upper lip white; a green band from snout below eye 

 and including half of lower part of orbit; anal green distally, white 

 in basal % except green spots at bases of fin ray. 



Determination of sex in preserved specimens and the evidence 

 accumulated by Dr. Howard Winn and Dr. John E. Bardach indi- 

 cates that males are green with a white opercular spot. Dr. Bolilke's 

 collection from the Bahamas contained one immature female, 154 

 mm. in standard length, with a trace of the white margin along oper- 

 cular membrane, no white opercular spot; distal edge of caudal fin 

 white, then a dark submarginal crossbar, with center of caudal fin 

 white; a lighter area below eye on side of head at level of corner of 

 mouth, upper lip whitish. This specimen may represent the female 

 of viridis. 



Longley says that specimens of this species appear most commonly 

 in the brownish color phase, with red lines on the head, yellow spot 

 at tip of opercle, and an orange one at base of caudal. It also has 

 a spotted color phase. 



Our 14 specimens are from Jamaica; St. Thomas; West Indies; 

 Nassau; Puerto Eico; Haiti; Cuba; Tortugas Island, Florida; and 

 Barbados. In addition. Dr. Bohlke loaned me a male specimen from 

 New Providence Island and a female from Nassau Harbor, Bahamas. 



Sparisoma aurofrenatum (Cuvier and Valenciennes) 



Figures 29, 30 

 Scarus aurofrenatus Cuvier and Valenciennes, Histoire naturelle des poissons, 



vol. 14, p. 191, 1839 (type locality; San Domingo; types examined in Mus. 



Nat. Hist. Nat. Paris, Cat. No. 1770, San Domingo, standard length 138 



and 142 mm.; also Cat. No. 1769, 4 specimens, standard length 148, 160, 



165, and 180 mm.). 

 Scarus mineofrenahis Poey, Memorias . . . , vol. 2, pp. 379, 393, 1861 (substitute 



name for S. aurofrenatus Cuvier and Valenciennes) . 

 Scarus distinctus Poey, Memorias . . . , vol. 2, p. 423, 1861 (type locality: Cuba). 

 Scarus frondosus (not of Cuvier) Gunther, Catalogue of the fishes in the British 



Museum . . . , vol. 4, p. 210, 1862. 



