REVIEW OF THE PARROTFISHES 



125 



shorter than 130 mm., extremely dark brown or blackish in those 

 shorter than 75 mm. 



In live specimens the background is reddish brown, with brighter 

 red mottlings in fins and red streaks radiating from eye, 2 or 3 ex- 

 tending to mouth; lower jaw with red blotches. 



I cannot agree with Weber and de Beaufort in regard to referring 

 this species to the genus Cryptotomus, which is represented by only 

 C. roseus in the Atlantic. However, after studying the large series of 

 Calotomus spinidens in the national collection I agree with them in 

 recognizing a wide-ranging species. 



The following gill raker counts were recorded from the first arch: 



In addition to the types examined, I have seen specimens from the 

 following localities: Marshalls, 18 lots; Marianas, 2; Johnson Island, 

 1; Hawaiian Islands, 8; Philippines, 10; Kapingamarangi, 1; Dutch 

 East Indies, 3; Ifaluk Atoll, 6; Mauritius, 1; and Moorea Island, 

 Society Islands, 1. 



Calotomus japonicus (Cuvier and Valenciennes) 



Plates 5,a; 24,d 



Callyodon japonicus Cuvier and Valenciennes, Histoire naturelle des poissons, 



vol. 14, p. 294, pi. 406, 1839 (type locality: Japan). 

 Callyodon moluccensis Bleeker, Versl. Akad. Amsterdam, vol. 12, p. 243, 1851 



(type locality: Celebes, Ternata, Batjan, Timor, Amboina, Ceram, Banda; 



cotype examined in British Museum, Cat. No. 1864.5.15.33, standard length 



101 mm.); Atlas ichthyologique . . . , vol. 1, p. 12, pi. 2, fig. 1, 1862. 

 Callyodon spinidens (not of Quoy and Gaimard) Bleeker, Atlas ichthyologique 



. . . , vol. 1, pi. 2, fig. 2, 1862. 

 Calotomus cyclurus Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 22 (1902), p. 465, fig. 24, 



1903 (type locality: Honolulu; holotype USNM 50849). 



The immature (longer than 70 mm. standard length) of this species 

 may be recognized by the presence on each side of the upper jaw of 

 4 caninelike teeth that flare outward, the rear two of which are located 

 somewhat posteriorly; this tooth character aids in distinguishing 

 Calotomus japonicus from Scaridea zonarcha. 



There is considerable variability in ratio of depth to length and in 

 color pattern. Pale bands may or may not radiate from eye. 



I have examined specimens in lots from the following localities: 

 Okinawa, 1 lot; Japan, 9; Paumotus, 1; Palau Islands, 2; Dutch East 

 Indies, 1; Philippine Islands, 27; and Mauritius, 1. 



