396 BULLETIN 133, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



persistent notes that were heard constantly during the breeding 

 season. 

 The Angiiete Indians called this species yum a fow ookh. 



SALTATOR CAERULESCENS CAERULESCENS Vicillot 



Saltator caerulescens Vieixlot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., vol. 14, 1817, p. 105. 

 (Paraguay.) 



On July 17, 1920, an adult male was taken at Las Palmas, Chaco. 

 Several were seen in brush-grown areas, where they were shy and 

 difficult to approach. Their call was a sharp tsip. It is possible 

 that they were seen on other occasions, but all others taken were 

 Saltator s. similis. 



SALTATOR AURANTIIROSTRIS AURANTIIROSTRIS Vieillot 



Saltator aurantii rostris Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., vol. 14, 1817, 

 p. 103. (Paraguay.) 



The boldly marked orange-billed saltator was found at Las Palmas, 

 Chaco, on July 23 and 26, and was fairly common, though so shy 

 that it came seldom in view. The species inhabited clumps of dense 

 brush in pasture lands where safe cover Avas available. At intervals 

 males came out on open perches on dead limbs, often near the tops 

 of the trees in order to sing, but at the slightest alarm pitched down 

 into heavy growth below. The manner of delivery of the song was 

 quick and explosive, in a way suggesting the method of enunciation 

 employed by the white-eyed vireo {Vireo griseus), so that on my 

 first encounter with the species I was somewhat surprised to identify 

 the singer as a member of the present family. The abrupt, but 

 musical song may be rendered as chu chu chu ivheet a su]\ with 

 the last syllable heavily accented. An adult pair was secured on 

 July 26. The female has the coloration less intense and the black 

 breastband restricted though still c,omplete. The male when first 

 killed had the bill zinc orange, marked obscurely with fuscous at 

 the tip, especially along the distal third of the culmen, and 

 in front of the nostrils; iris Eood's brown, tarsus and toes deep 

 neutral gray. The duller coloration of the plumage in the female 

 extended to the tint of her bill which was marked obscurely with 

 honey yellow on the lower mandible, especially toward the tip and 

 along the gonys, and elsewhere was dull black. The color of ej^es 

 and tarsi were similar to those of the male. 



In Formosa, near the Riacho Pilaga, this subspecies was encoun- 

 tered on August 8, 13, and 14, when specimens were taken. One was 

 preserved as a skeleton and the other two as skins. These last two 

 are somewhat paler, especially on the undersurface, than those se- 

 cured at Las Palmas. The Toba Indians named this bird chi pi 

 gih yo. 



