BAGWORM MOTHS OF THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE 37 



Case. — (Fig. 65.) Approximately 9-13 mm. long. Silk of whitish 

 grey, heavily covered by small pieces of plant fragments, usually by 

 segments of grass stems, arranged longitudinally, often surpassing 

 length of case, projecting in irregular fashion posteriorly. 



Type. — Lost. 



Type locality. — Europe. 



Kecorded hosts. — "Consists chiefly of grasses, mosses, lichens, 

 and other low plants, although the insect may occasionally exhibit 

 carnivorous tendencies as evidenced by its feeding on scale insects, 

 and, in the laboratory when very hungry, on the living larvae and 

 females of its own species" (Farquhar, 1934). 



Distribution. — (Map 1.) In North America Fumaria casta 

 occurs primarily through the Appalachian Highlands from south- 

 eastern Canada to eastern Pennsylvania. In the Old World it is 

 reportedly widely distributed from North Africa to Finland and 

 from Asia Minor west to Great Britain. (For a more thorough 

 discussion of the distribution, see Tutt, 1900.) 



Discussion. — This insect reportedly was discovered first in this 

 country in 1931 near Jamaica Pond, Boston, Massachusetts. The 

 population, which has since spread to several adjacent states, un- 

 doubtedly originated as an introduction from Europe. The identity 

 of this moth in the New World was made first by F. M. Jones, and 

 its biology in our area was investigated by Farquhar (1934). 



Material examined. — -70 cf cf, 16 99, 41 cases: 



CANADA: Overbrook, cf, June 10; 3 ??, June 15, CM. 



UNITED STATES: Connecticut: New Haven, 2 ^d", June 12-16, CU. 

 West Haven, 3 cf cf , June, USNM; 2 cf cf , 3 cases, CU. Massachusetts: 

 Boston, 45 d' cf, May 10-July 1; 9 99, May-June; 23 cases, USNM. Roslin- 

 dale, cf, June 28, USNM. New York: Locust Valley, Long Island, 6 cf cf , 

 June 13; 2 99, June 13, CU. Monroe County, 4 cf c?" with cases, June 18- 

 July 5, CPK; 2 d' cf with cases, June 14-18; 2 99 with cases, June 14-24, CU; 

 2 cf cf , July 3-9; 5 cases, USNM. Scarsdale, 2 cf d' with cases, June 6, USNM. 

 Pennsylvania: Germantown, Morris Arboretum, 2 cases, USNM. 



3. Epichnopterix Hiibner 



Epichnopterix Hubner, Verz. beli. Schmett., p. 399, 1816 [1826]. — Tutt, Nat. 

 Hist. Brit. Lep., vol. 2, p. 347, 1900.— Staudinger and Rebel, Cat. Lep. 

 Eur. Faun., pt. 1, p. 398, 1901. — Lampert, Grosschmett. Raupen Mitteleur., 

 p. 295, 1907.— Dalla Torre, Entom. Jahrb., vol. 36, p. 130, 1927.— Dalla Torre 

 and Strand, Lep. Cat., pars 34, p. 85, 1929.— Kozhantshikov, Fauna SSSR, 

 vol. 3, no. 2, p. 263, 195G. 



Fumea Herrich-SchafFer, Syst. Bearb. Schmett. Eur., vol. 5, p. 61, n. 1, 1855 

 (not Haworth). — Staudinger and Wocke, Cat. Lep. Eur., p. 28, n. 21, 1861. 



Epichnopteryx [sic] Heylaerts, Tijdschr. Ent., vol. 18, p. xcvi, 1875; Ann. Soc. 

 Ent. Belg., vol. 25, p. 72, 1881.— Kirby, Cat. Lep. Heter., p. 520, 1892.— 

 Barrett, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. 30, p. 249, 1894.— Rebel in Spuler, Schmett. 

 Eur., vol. 2, p. 181, 1910.— Rebel in Berge, Fr. Berge's Schmett.-Buch, ed. 9, 



