BAGWORM MOTHS OF THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE 41 



Aptcrona crenulella form helix (Siebold) Hering in Brohmer, Tierw. Mitteleur., 

 vol. 1 (suppL), p. 301, 1932.— Forster and Wohlfahrt, Schmett. Mitteleur., 

 vol. 3, p. 170, 1960. 



Apterona crenulella Bruand. — Robinson, Calif. Dep. Agric. Bull., vol. 42, no. 1, 

 pp. 1-9, figs. 1-3, 1953 "{-helix)." 

 Note: For European references dealing with the synonymy of this species prior 



to 1929, see Dalla Torre and Strand (1929). 



Female. — As described for genus, 5-6 mm. long. 



Case.— (Fig. 09.) Diameter 3-5 mm.; 4-5 mm. in depth. Case 

 characteristic shape, resembling helical snail shell with 2% to 3% coils; 

 firmly constructed of white silk overlaid with fine-grained particles of 

 earth. Three apertiu-es normally present: small apical opening; 

 large basal opening from which larva protrudes to creep and feed; 

 large slitlike lateral opening in uppermost whorl through which 

 shrivelled female reputedly emerges after oviposition. 



Type. — Lost. 



Type locality. — Southern Germany. 



Recorded hosts.— "Pol^^podiaceae: common brake fern [Pteri- 

 dium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn]; Iridacaeae: Gladiolus sp.; Poaceae: 

 ripgut [Bromus rigidus Roth.], rough stock blue [?], wild oat [Avena 

 fatua L.], meadow foxtail [Alopecurus pratensis L.]; Asteraceae: 

 California mugwort [Artemisia vulgaris var. heterophylla Jepson], 

 Chrysanthemum sp., Qaillardia sp., giant marigold [Tagetes erecta L. ?], 

 Zinnia sp.; Brassicaceae: black mustard [Brassica nigra (L.) Koch], 

 broccoli [Brassica oleracea var. hotrytis L.], cabbage [Brassica oleracea 

 var. capitata L.], turnip [Brassica rapa L.], wild radish [Raphanus 

 raphaniMrum L.]; Fabaceae: alfalfa [Medicago sativa L.], Ladino 

 clover [Trifolium sp. ?], lupine [Lupinus sp.], sweet pea [Lathyrus 

 odoratus L.], trefoil [Trijolium sp.], vetch [Vicia sp.], wild clover 

 [Trijolium sp.]; Lamiaceae: horehound [Marrubium vulgare L.] 

 Malvaceae: hollyhock [Althaea sp.], Sidalcea sp.; Plantaginaceae 

 plantain [Plantago sp. ?]; Plumbaginaceae: statics [Statice sp. ?] 

 Polygonaceae: sour dock [Rumex sp.]; Rosaceae: apple [Pyrus 

 malus L.], rose [Rosa sp.]; Solanaceae: tomato [Lycopersicon esculen- 

 tum Mill.]; Violaceae: Viola sp." (Robinson, 1954). "Pinaceae: 

 Pinus ponderosa Dougl.; Cucurbitaceae: winter squash [Cucurbita 

 maxima Duchesne]; Fabaceae: beans [Phaseolus sp. ?], Cytisus 

 scoparius Link, sweet clover [Melilotus sp.]; Fagaceae: oak [Quercus 

 sp.]; Polygonaceae: rhubarb [Rheum rhaponticum L.]; Ranunculaceae: 

 peony [Paeonia sp.]; Rhamnaceae: Ceanothus cuneatus (Hook.) 

 Nutt.; Rosaceae: almond [Prunus amygdalus Batsch], pear [Pyrus 

 communis L.], raspberry [Rubus sp.]" (George Okumura, in correspond- 

 ence). 



Distribution.— (Map 1.) According to Strand (1912), in the 

 Eastern Hemisphere this form is "distributed in Central and Southern 



