PAPER I CARRIKER ON MALLOPHAGA 5 



Menacanthus pici pici (De any) 

 Figure i:1 



Menopon pici Denny, 1842, Monogr. Anoplurorum Britanniae, pp. 200, 219; pi. 20, 



fig. 5. Host: Picus viridis. 

 Menacanthus pici — Hopkins and Clay, 1952, Checklist of Mallophaga, p. 214. Host: 



Picus viridis [pluiius Hartert], 



Through the courtesy of Theresa Clay, I have been able to examine a 

 pair of this species, collected from the type host, from which the figures 

 presented were drawn. The chaetotaxy of the head is shown correctly 

 in the figure, and this pattern seems to be constant throughout the group 

 here treated, diff'ering only in length of the setae. 



The cephalic carinae of the antennary fossae differ but slightly in the 

 various species, even to those of the occipital area which are related to 

 the attachment of the prothorax with the head. There are, however, 

 obvious diff"erences in the chaetotaxy of the prothorax, but in most species 

 it is very similar to that o{ pici pici and is as follows: One spine in anterolateral 

 angles, followed closely by a long seta, another long seta in the postero- 

 lateral angle, and with a short, spinelike seta midway (or nearly) between 

 them, being sometimes very close to the anterior long setae, and again 

 midway between the two. These long setae range in length from half 

 to entire width of pterothorax. On each side of the posterior margin 

 there are four long setae which vary in length. 



The same pattern seems to be present in the abdominal setae, varying 

 only in length, thickness, and number in each segment. In some specimens 

 many abdominal setae are missing, especially the dorsal, but their alveoli 

 have been located and the missing setae inserted, but I cannot be certain 

 that in such cases their length is always correctly shown. The setae along 

 the posterior margin of the tergites are more numerous in some species 

 than in others, especially in pici pici (Denny) and pici dry abates (Eichler), 

 the latter being considered merely a subspecies of the former. 



Another character which seems to be constant in the group is the presence 

 of three long, slender spines at the tip of second and third tibiae, several 

 spines along posterior portion of inner margin, and two or three on surface. 



The brushes of setae on the third femur and abdominal sternites are 

 sparse, with the setae rather coarse, and are usually present on segments 

 III to VI, but most abundant on III. The second and third coxae also 

 often bear scattered short setae, which vary in number and position in 

 the diff'erent species. 



There are also noticeable differences in the length and density of the 

 fringes of setae surrounding the anal opening of the female (see figure). 



It is not known whether or not pleurites and sternites are clearly defined 

 in all species of this group. It will require uncleared specimens to definitely 

 prove this point. However, in the species in which they are clearly visible, 



