Systematics and Zoogeography of the 



Worldwide Bathypelagic Squid 

 Bathyteuthis (Cephalopoda : Oegopsida)' 



Introduction 



Study the deep-sea squid and see how he does only what he has to. 



Carl Sandburg 



Bathyteuthis ahyssicola Hoyle has been recorded as an uncommon 

 deep-sea species from widely scattered localities throughout the major 

 oceanic regions of the world. In recent years the relatively large quan- 

 tity of material that has accumulated allows a more thorough analysis 

 of the systematics and distribution of Bathyteuthis. Newly described 

 species and range extensions are represented in small collections from 

 lower latitudes ; however, the bulk of the material, useful in determin- 

 ing details of horizontal and vertical distribution, comes from the 

 Antarctic Ocean. 



The cephalopods of the open waters of the Southern or Antarctic 

 Ocean and the shallower waters along the shores of the Antarctic 

 Continent are very poorly known despite an impressive list of vessels 

 and expeditions that have collected in these regions. Most of the species 

 known in the Antarctic cephalopod fauna were described from collec- 

 tions made during the great era of exploration prior to World War I. 

 Berry (1917) reviewed the literature and listed the species that occur 

 south of 60° south latitude; with the addition of Berry's 5 new species 

 the list at that time contained 17 species — 11 species of the order Octo- 

 poda and 6 species of the suborder Oegopsida. Thiele (1921) and 

 Odhner (1923), reporting on the collections of the German and 

 Swedish Expeditions (both 1901-1903), added to the knowledge of 

 the Antarctic fauna. Robson (1930, 1932) struggled with the complexi- 

 ties of the octopod fauna represented in the early collections of the 

 Discovery. Dell (1959) reported on the cephalopod material col- 

 lected during the British Australian New Zealand Antarctic Research 

 Expedition (B.A.N.Z.A.R.E.) and listed the species that occur in the 



^ Contribution no. 982 from the Institute of Marine Sciences, University of 

 Miami and paper no. 65 from tlie Bana oceanographical collections. This paper 

 was submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Degree of Doctor 

 of Philosophy, University of Miami. 



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