HANDBOOK OF THE COLLECTION OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS 43 



silk braid and fringe. The tubes are inserted in an oval stock, and 

 all are inlaid with designs in tin or pewter. 



The Tunisian bagpipe (95141) is a valuable instrument, deposited 

 by Dr. Cyrus Adler in 1891. The bag is the tanned skin of a kid 

 removed entire from the front of the hind quarters to the neck. 

 The mouth tube is of brass, but the others are of cane, all being 

 inserted into a block of wood forced into the neck opening of the 

 hide. It has two chaunters, each with five holes, and at the end 

 of each chaunter is fitted the tip of a horn, like a flaring bell. 



From the Syrians we have 95697 (pi. 17c), which was exhibited 

 in the " Streets of Cairo " at the World's Columbian Exposition at 

 Chicago in 1893. The bag is the skin of a small animal with the 

 hair side out. The mouth tube is of turned wood and the other 

 tubes are of cane, having a single beating reed formed in the 

 side of the cane. Each tube has a bell formed from the tip of a 

 horn. 



The manner of playing the bagpipe is illustrated by a figure of 

 an Italian peasant (pi. 18). 



HAND ORGAN 



The hand organ is supposed to date from the beginning of the 

 eighteenth century. Its mechanism resembles that of a music box in 

 having a cylinder armed on its outside with pins or staples and 

 placed horizontally. It differs from the music box in the substitution 

 of reeds and pipes for the " comb " with its metal tongues of various 

 lengths, also in having a wind chest with bellows. A hand organ is 

 played by turning a crank, which operates both the cylinders and the 

 bellows. The wooden cylinder revolves slowly, and in so doing the 

 pins or staples raise certain trigger-shaped keys which open valves 

 that allow the wind from the wind chest to enter the desired pipes. 

 The cylinder and its shaft can be moved endwise, bringing the pins 

 into position for the playing of several tunes. 



A particularly interesting example of this instrument is 284788, 

 which was made by Job Frienlel, of Vienna, given to Theodoras 

 Bailey Myers in 1850, and presented to the Museum by Mrs. Julian- 

 James. It has a single pressure bellows. The reed chamber is in the 

 fixed part of the wind chest, and the free reeds are fastened to the 

 upper board or cover of the wind chest, a small hole being made in 

 the cover directly under each reed. These holes are closed by valves 

 which are operated by the pegs on the wooden cylinder. 



Three hand organs from Florence, Italy, are exhibited and were 

 collected by Dr. G. Brown Goode of the United States National 

 Museum. These instruments have double-acting bellows and flue and 

 reed pipes. The flue pipes have a whistle head and are of two kinds, 



